Hướng dẫn dùng 04d python trong PHP

(PHP 4 >= 4.1.0, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

vsprintf — 返回格式化字符串

说明

vsprintf(string $format, array $values): string

参数

The format string is composed of zero or more directives: ordinary characters (excluding %) that are copied directly to the result and conversion specifications, each of which results in fetching its own parameter.

A conversion specification follows this prototype: %[argnum$][flags][width][.precision]specifier.

Argnum

An integer followed by a dollar sign $, to specify which number argument to treat in the conversion.

Width

An integer that says how many characters (minimum) this conversion should result in.

Precision

A period . followed by an integer who's meaning depends on the specifier:

• For e, E, f and F specifiers: this is the number of digits to be printed after the decimal point (by default, this is 6).
• For g, G, h and H specifiers: this is the maximum number of significant digits to be printed.
• For s specifier: it acts as a cutoff point, setting a maximum character limit to the string.

注意: If the period is specified without an explicit value for precision, 0 is assumed.

注意: Attempting to use a position specifier greater than PHP_INT_MAX will generate warnings.

警告

The c type specifier ignores padding and width

警告

Attempting to use a combination of the string and width specifiers with character sets that require more than one byte per character may result in unexpected results

Variables will be co-erced to a suitable type for the specifier:

返回值

根据 format 和数组参数返回处理后的字符串。

更新日志

范例

示例 #1 vsprintf(): 前导 0 的整数

print vsprintf("%04d-%02d-%02d", explode('-', '1988-8-1'));
?>

以上例程会输出：

参见

• printf() - 输出格式化字符串
• sprintf() - 返回格式化字符串
• fprintf() - 将格式化后的字符串写入到流
• vprintf() - 输出格式化字符串
• vfprintf() - 将格式化字符串写入流
• sscanf() - 根据指定格式解析输入的字符
• fscanf() - 从文件中格式化输入
• number_format() - 以千位分隔符方式格式化一个数字
• date() - 格式化一个本地时间／日期

spectrumcat ¶

5 years ago

Instead of inventing own functions in case you'd like to use array keys as placeholder names and replace corresponding array values in a string, just use the str_replace:

$string = 'Hello %name!';
$data = array(
  '%name' => 'John'
);

$greeting = str_replace(array_keys($data), array_values($data), $string);

Josef Kufner ¶

9 years ago

/**
* Like vsprintf, but accepts $args keys instead of order index.
* Both numeric and strings matching /[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+/ are allowed.
*
* Example: vskprintf('y = %y$d, x = %x$1.1f', array('x' => 1, 'y' => 2))
* Result:  'y = 2, x = 1.0'
*
* $args also can be object, then it's properties are retrieved
* using get_object_vars().
*
* '%s' without argument name works fine too. Everything vsprintf() can do
* is supported.
*
* @author Josef Kufner
*/
function vksprintf($str, $args)
{
    if (is_object($args)) {
        $args = get_object_vars($args);
    }
    $map = array_flip(array_keys($args));
    $new_str = preg_replace_callback('/(^|[^%])%([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\$/',
            function($m) use ($map) { return $m[1].'%'.($map[$m[2]] + 1).'$'; },
            $str);
    return vsprintf($new_str, $args);
}
?>

crash ¶

1 year ago

Note that this function now throws an ValueError* as of PHP 8.0 if there is an error:

$ php -r 'var_dump(vsprintf("%d", []));'
> Fatal error: Uncaught ValueError: The arguments array must contain 1 items, 0 given in Command line code:1

*ValueError is new in PHP 8.0, so if you want to make your code compatible to PHP 7.x you should test that the arguments array has the correct length.

www dot wesley at gmail dot com ¶

14 years ago

vnsprintf is equal to vsprintf except for associative, signed or floating keys.

vnsprintf supports for example "%assocKey$05d", "%-2$'+10s" and "%3.2$05u", vsprintf doesn't

vnsprintf( '%2$d', $array) [2nd value] is equal to vsprintf( '%2$d', $array) [2nd value]
vnsprintf( '%+2$d', $array) [key = 2] is equal to vnsprintf( '%2.0$d', $array) [key = 2]
vnsprintf( '%+2$d', $array) [key = 2] is different of vsprintf( '%+2$d', $array) [unsupported]

When you use signed or floating keys, vnsprintf searchs for the signed truncated key of the original array

Note¹: vnsprintf does not support for example "%someKeyf" (floating number, key = someKey) or "%+03d" (signed decimal number, key = 3), you should use "%someKey$f" or "%+03$d" respectively.
Note²: "%+03d" (or "%1$+03d") will be interpreted as signed zero-padded decimal number

function vnsprintf( $format, array $data)
{
    preg_match_all( '/ (?, $format, $match, PREG_SET_ORDER | PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE);
    $offset = 0;
    $keys = array_keys($data);
    foreach ( $match as &$value )
    {
        if ( ( $key = array_search( $value[1][0], $keys) ) !== FALSE || ( is_numeric( $value[1][0]) && ( $key = array_search( (int)$value[1][0], $keys) ) !== FALSE ) ) {
            $len = strlen( $value[1][0]);
            $format = substr_replace( $format, 1 + $key, $offset + $value[1][1], $len);
            $offset -= $len - strlen( $key);
        }
    }
    return vsprintf( $format, $data);
}$examples = array(
    2.8=>'positiveFloat',    // key = 2 , 1st value
    -3=>'negativeInteger',    // key = -3 , 2nd value
    'my_name'=>'someString'    // key = my_name , 3rd value
);

echo

Roadster ¶

15 years ago

Please note: The same functionality (sortof) can be attained between version 4.0.4 and 4.1.0 using call_user_func_array.

Example:

call_user_func_array("sprintf", $arg)

First element of $arg is the format. This rescued me in a situation where version 4.1.0 wasn't available.

jon at ardentcreative dot co dot uk ¶

16 years ago

This can be used for quick and dirty internationalization:

$GLOBALS['strings']['example'] = "There are %d people.";// Loads a phrase from the translations list in lang/$lang/phrases.php
function t() {
    $args = func_get_args();
    $nArgs = func_num_args();$phrase = array_shift($args);
    $nArgs--;

        include_once(

dee jay simple zero07 at geemail dawt co ¶

9 years ago

Using a heredoc with vprintf:

$string = <<I like the state of %1\$s

I picked: %2\$d as a number,

I also picked %2\$d as a number again

%3\$s

THESTRING; $returnText = vprintf(  $string, array('Oregon','7','I Love Oregon')  );

echo

steven at nevvix dot com ¶

4 years ago

/**
* Return a formatted string like vsprintf() with named placeholders.
*
* When a placeholder doesn't have a matching key in `$args`,
*   the placeholder is returned as is to see missing args.
* @param string $format
* @param array $args
* @param string $pattern
* @return string
*/
function p($format, array $args, $pattern="/\{(\w+)\}/") {
    return preg_replace_callback($pattern, function ($matches) use ($args) {
        return @$args[$matches[1]] ?: $matches[0];
    }, $format);
}$args = ["database"=>"people", "user"=>"staff", "pass"=>"pass123", "host"=>"localhost"];// With PHP-like placeholders: the variable is embedded in a string "{$database}" but without the dollar sign
$format = <<CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS {database};
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON {database_name}.* TO '{user}'@'{host}';
SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('{pass}');
SQL;
echo p($format, $args);
/*
Result:

CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS people;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON {database_name}.* TO 'staff'@'localhost';
SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('pass123');

The `{database_name}` placeholder doesn't exist as a matching key in `$args` so it's returned as is.
*/

// With Ruby-like placeholders

jed at NOSPAM dot jed dot bz ¶

18 years ago

vsprintf() accepts arrays with any keys, so the array_shift() technique is unnecessary when writing a printf-type function. Any parameters you require are easily unset from the array you retrieve with func_get_args():

function mysprintf($format) {
    $args = func_get_args();
    unset($args[0]); /* get rid of "$format" */
    return vsprintf($format, $args);
}/* I use this technique in production code as follows: */
function logf($target, $string) {
    $args = func_get_args();
    unset($args[0], $args[1]);
    fprintf($GLOBALS['config']['logtargets'][$target],
        "[%s] %s\n", date('H:i'), wordwrap(vsprintf($string, $args), 75, '\n\r '));
}/* e.g.:
    logf(DEBUG, "Oops! %s", mysql_error());
*/?>

array_shift() and other costly array operations aren't required, as far as I know. I could be wrong.

ASchmidt at Anamera dot net ¶

4 years ago

It's necessary to clearly how to apply argument swapping when using an array of arguments. One might be tempted to use %0$ to reference $args[0].

In reality, the position specifier is always the array index+1:

$args[0]  is referenced by %1$...
$args[1]  is referenced by %2$...
etc.

Similarly, the first subpattern of a RegEx match would be found in $matches[1], the second in $match[2], etc. However if the $matches array is used as arguments to vsprint(), then the position specifier is subpattern+1:

preg_match( $pattern, $subject, $matches );
vsprintf( 'Full Match = %1$s, first Subpattern = %2$s, second Subpattern = %3$s', $matches );