Skillful listening and speaking 1 answer key Unit 1

Skillful
Listening&Speaking
Level 1

CD1
Track 02

Birth order and personality
Marissa:  Good afternoon listeners, and
welcome to Family Forum. Im your
host, Marissa Wallick. Its my pleasure
to introduce Dr. Francis Sperling. Dr.
Sperling is a psychologist at Central
University, and shes writing a book
on the subject of birth order and
personality. Dr. Sperling, welcome.
Dr. Sperling:  Thank you.
Marissa:  To begin, what is birth order?
Dr. Sperling:  Birth order means your place or
your position in the family compared
to your brothers and sisters if you are
the oldest child, the youngest child, or
somewhere in the middle. Or perhaps
you are an only child, with no brothers
or sisters.
Marissa:  I see. Why is birth order
important?
Dr. Sperling:  Well, research shows that our
position in our family often has a big
influence on our personality. There are
certain characteristics that are common

for first-born children, middle children,
etcetera.
Marissa:  Can you give us some examples?
Dr. Sperling:  Of course. Lets start with the
first-born child, the oldest. First borns
are usually serious, responsible, and
organized. Theyre natural leaders.
Marissa:  Why is that?
Dr. Sperling:  Maybe because in many
families, the oldest child helps to take
care of the younger ones. Also, in many
cultures, everyone expects the first
child to become the head of the family
someday.
Marissa:  Thats interesting. Im the oldest
child in my family, and you just
described me perfectly! Lets talk next
about middle children. Tell us about
them.
Dr. Sperling:  Well, very often the middle
child is the family peacemaker. I mean,
if theres a problem in the family,
they try to fix it. Also, middle children
are very social. Their friends are very
important to them, maybe because
middle children dont always feel very
special in their families.
Marissa:  And what about last-born children,
Dr. Sperling?
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Dr. Sperling:  Last-born children are very
sweet and loving. They enjoy touching
and hugging. They can also be very
funny, since, as the last child, they have
to work hard to get attention, especially
in a big family.
Marissa:  Theres one type of child we
havent mentioned, Dr. Sperling, and
thats the only child.
Dr. Sperling:  Oh yes. Well, only children are
very comfortable around adults, and
theyre very verbal you know, they
talk a lot, and they know a lot of words.
Thats because their parents are always
talking to them.
Marissa:  I see. Well, Dr. Sperling, I have
one more question: These personality
characteristics, how common are they?
I mean, for example, are first-born
children always leaders, or are only
children always verbal?
Dr. Sperling:  Of course not. Research tells
us that these characteristics are very
common, but every child is different,
and every family is different. Its true
that our birth order influences our
personality, but other things, like
culture, gender I mean boy or girl
family size, and our life experiences

are also important, maybe even more
important.
Track 03

Temperament
Professor:  OK class, yesterday we started our
new unit on the topic of temperament.
Lets start today with a little review.
What is temperament? What does it
mean?
Student 1:  I think you said that
temperament is our natural character,
um, its the natural way we feel and act
most of the time.
Professor:  Thats right. So some people have
a nervous temperament, for example,
or a calm temperament, or an angry
temperament. Now, is temperament
something we learn, or are we born
with it?
Student 2:  Were born with it.
Professor:  Very good. All right, now, this
morning were going to look at some
research about temperament in babies.
Some psychologists say there are THREE
TYPES of BABY, which they call easy,
difficult, and slow-to-warm-up.
Most babies fit into one of these groups.

Audioscript

Lets take a look at the characteristics
of these three groups of babies. To
start, easy babies are happy most of the
time. Theyre very social, they smile a
lot, they dont cry much, and they have
normal eating and sleeping patterns.
Theyre easy!
But difficult babies are just the
opposite. Their parents worry about
them because they seem unhappy. They
cry a lot, and they dont eat or sleep at
the same time every day. It can be very
hard for parents when they have a baby
like this. And the third group, slow-towarm-up babies
Student 3:  Excuse me, Professor. What does
warm up mean?
Professor:  It means to become comfortable
in a new situation. People who are
slow-to-warm-up arent super-friendly
at first. They seem careful. In the
same way, slow-to-warm-up babies are
shy in new situations. Also, theyre not
very active.
Let me give you an example. Lets
imagine that theres a new baby in the
family, and Uncle John comes for a
visit. The easy baby sees Uncle John
and immediately begins smiling and
moving his arms and legs. Its clear that
hes excited about this new person. But

the difficult baby sees Uncle John, and
what does he do?
Student 1:  He starts to cry?
Professor:  Exactly. Hes afraid. He doesnt
like this strange new person. And the
slow-to-warm-up baby, well, he doesnt
cry, but he doesnt smile or move much,
either. He stays quiet and just watches.
Now, the interesting question about
temperament is, does it change? Can a
difficult baby become an easy teenager,
for example? What do you think?
Student 1:  No.
Student 2:  Yes.
Student 3:  Sure.
Professor:  Well, the answer is not really.
Research shows that temperament
doesnt change much as people grow
older. Also, scientists have found these
same temperament groups in babies
from many different cultures Yes?
Student 3:  So if you were a difficult baby,
does that mean youre going to have a
difficult time for your whole life?
Professor:  No, it doesnt. Let me explain.
As I said, most psychologists agree that
people have a certain temperament

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Listening&Speaking

Audioscript

Level 1

from birth. But the things that happen
to us after were born have a much
greater influence on our life. With help
from parents and teachers, difficult
or slow-to-warm-up children can
learn to feel more comfortable in new
situations. People can change.
Are there any other questions right
now? No? OK, then lets take a short
break, and then
Track 04

1  Every type of baby is special.
2  My grandmother has a very sweet
nature.
3  Its normal for children to cry when
they are tired.
4  Anita is very verbal.
5  My sisters husband is a very kind

person.
Track 05

1  Hi Nasrin. Id like to introduce my
colleague, Soo Mi.
2  Richard. Id like you to meet my
grandfather, Mr. Smith.
3  Hi Ali. This is my brother, Sami.
4  Hello class. Its my pleasure to
introduce our program director, Mr.
Brown.
5  Paul, this is my friend, Miko.
Track 06

1  BIRTH ORDER MEANS your PLACE or
your POSITION in the FAMILY.
2  WHY is BIRTH ORDER IMPORTANT?
3  There are THREE TYPES of BABIES.
4  WHAT does WARM UP MEAN?
5  Can a DIFFICULT BABY become an
EASY TEENAGER?
Track 07

Jay:  Whats your name?
Yakub:  Yakub Mara.
Jay:  Where are you from?
Yakub:  Im from Jordan.
Jay:  How many brothers and sisters do
you have?
Yakub:  I have one brother and two sisters.

Jay:  Are you the oldest?
Yakub:  No, Im second.
Jay:  What are three words that describe
your character?
Yakub:  Im serious, responsible, and
organized.
Jay:  What job do you want to have in the
future?
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Yakub:  I want to be a doctor.
Jay:  Why is this a good job for you?
Yakub:  It fits my personality. Im a natural
leader.
Track 08

Circadian rhythm
Lee:  Hey Bella. Do you have a minute?
Bella:  Sure. Whats up?
Lee:  Im doing a survey about circadian
rhythm for my biology class. Id like to
know
Bella:  Im sorry, Lee. Youre doing a survey
on what?
Lee:  Circadian rhythm.
Bella:  Whats that?
Lee:  Its the bodys regular cycle of activities
like sleeping, waking, and eating.
Bella:  You mean like a clock?
Lee:  Exactly. Its like a clock inside our

brains. It responds to light and dark.
Circadian rhythm causes most people
to be active during the day, and lots of
animals to be active at night.
Bella:  Um Is it a 24-hour clock?
Lee:  Not exactly. Actually I just read a
really interesting study about that.
Some scientists wanted to know when
people fall asleep and wake up if they
dont know what time it is.
The scientists put a group of volunteers
in a room without windows or clocks
for two months. The volunteers could
eat, sleep, work, or play at any time
they wanted, but they couldnt watch
TV, listen to the radio, or have visitors.
Bella:  Oh, that sounds interesting. What
did the scientists find out?
Lee:  Well, they expected to find out that
people live by a 24-hour cycle. But
instead, they found proof that most
people actually have a twenty-five hour
cycle.
Bella:  Really? Well then, why dont we
wake up an hour later every day?
Lee:  Because our brains respond to light.
Light in the morning makes the clock in
our brain start again every day.
Bella:  What about people who work at
night and sleep during the day, like

police officers or truck drivers? Do they
have problems?
Lee:  Yeah, sometimes. A lot of police
officers and truck drivers have trouble
sleeping during the daytime, so theyre
sleepy at night. As a result, they make
mistakes or have accidents at work.

Bella:  You know, I really enjoy being awake
at night. Its the time when I feel the
most awake, so its my best time to
study.
Lee:  Well, there are lots of people like you.
But see, you choose to be awake at night.
The problems happen with people who
prefer to be awake during the daytime,
but their job requires them to be up at
night.
Bella:  I understand. Well anyway, what
about that survey? What do you want to
ask me?
Lee:  Right. OK, heres the first question
Track 09

1  Circadian rhythm causes most people
to be active during the day, and lots of
animals to be active at night.
2  Light in the morning makes the clock in
our brain start again every day.
3  A lot of police officers and truck drivers

have trouble sleeping during the
daytime, so theyre sleepy at night.
4  As a result, they make mistakes or have
accidents at work.
5  I really enjoy being awake at night. Its
the time when I feel the most awake, so
its my best time to study.
Track 10

Investigating the effects of the moon
Dominic:  Welcome to the Science Show.
Im your host, Dominic Weaver. Its a
full moon tonight, so its a good time
to talk about the moon, earths closest
neighbor. We know that the moon has
a powerful influence on the earth.
By pulling on the oceans, the moon
causes the tides, which are the rising
and falling levels of the water in the
oceans every day. The relationship
between the moon and the tides was
discovered more than 300 years ago
by an English scientist named Isaac
Newton.
However, today were going to talk
about a different question. Do the
cycles of the moon have an effect on the
behavior of animals?
Track 11


Dominic:  Welcome to the Science Show.
Im your host, Dominic Weaver. Its a
full moon tonight, so its a good time
to talk about the moon, earths closest
neighbor. We know that the moon has
a powerful influence on the earth.

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Copyright © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012.

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Listening&Speaking

Audioscript

Level 1

By pulling on the oceans, the moon
causes the tides, which are the rising
and falling levels of the water in the
oceans every day. The relationship
between the moon and the tides was
discovered more than 300 years ago
by an English scientist named Isaac
Newton.
However, today were going to talk
about a different question. Do the

cycles of the moon have an effect on
the behavior of animals? According to
several studies, the answer is yes.
In one study, for example, scientists
found proof that some ocean animals
are more active on nights when the
moon is shining. This happens even
if the animals are inside a laboratory,
where the light and temperature never
change. Then, in 2003, scientists in
Sweden discovered that some insects
also respond to the light of the moon.
The insects walk in a straighter line
towards food on nights when the moon
is out.
Recently, a scientist named Craig Packer
made an amazing discovery about the
relationship between the full moon
and the behavior of lions. Dr. Packer
is a biologist at the University of
Minnesota. Between 1988 and 2009,
lions attacked more than 1000 people
in Tanzania, in Africa. Most of these
attacks happened in the evening, for
10 days after the full moon. Dr. Packer
wanted to find out why. Lets see what
he discovered.
Normally, lions hunt at night, in the
dark. In the days before the full moon,
the moon rises before the sun sets.

This means there is more light in the
evening, so its more difficult for the
lions to hunt, and they become very
hungry.
On the night of the full moon, again
the moon rises early, and there is
light all night long. This makes it the
most difficult night of the month for
hunting, and the lions become even
more hungry.
But after the full moon, the moon rises
after the sun sets. As a result, there are
several hours of darkness in the early
evening, when people are still awake
and active outdoors. These dark hours
are a perfect time for hungry lions to
hunt. And this, according to Dr. Packer,
is why lions attack humans more on the
days after the full moon.

Photocopiable

These three studies show a powerful
relationship between the cycles of the
moon and the behavior of animals.
Perhaps in the future, studies will show
a similar connection between these
cycles and the activities of humans.
Track 12


Dominic:  Welcome to the Science Show.
Im your host, Dominic Weaver. Its a
full moon tonight, so its a good time
to talk about the moon, earths closest
neighbor. We know that the moon has
a powerful influence on the earth.
By pulling on the oceans, the moon
causes the tides, which are the rising
and falling levels of the water in the
oceans every day. The relationship
between the moon and the tides was
discovered more than 300 years ago
by an English scientist named Isaac
Newton.
However, today were going to talk
about a different question. Do the
cycles of the moon have an effect on
the behavior of animals? According to
several studies, the answer is yes.
In one study, for example, scientists
found proof that some ocean animals
are more active on nights when the
moon is shining. This happens even
if the animals are inside a laboratory,
where the light and temperature never
change. Then, in 2003, scientists in
Sweden discovered that some insects
also respond to the light of the moon.
The insects walk in a straighter line
towards food on nights when the moon

is out.
Recently, a scientist named Craig Packer
made an amazing discovery about the
relationship between the full moon
and the behavior of lions. Dr. Packer
is a biologist at the University of
Minnesota. Between 1988 and 2009,
lions attacked more than 1000 people
in Tanzania, in Africa. Most of these
attacks happened in the evening, for
10 days after the full moon. Dr. Packer
wanted to find out why. Lets see what
he discovered.
Track 13

Dominic:  Normally, lions hunt at night, in
the dark. In the days before the full
moon, the moon rises before the sun
sets. This means there is more light in
the evening, so its more difficult for
the lions to hunt, and they become very
hungry.

On the night of the full moon, again
the moon rises early, and there is
light all night long. This makes it the
most difficult night of the month for
hunting, and the lions become even
more hungry.
But after the full moon, the moon rises

after the sun sets. As a result, there are
several hours of darkness in the early
evening, when people are still awake
and active outdoors. These dark hours
are a perfect time for hungry lions to
hunt. And this, according to Dr. Packer,
is why lions attack humans more on the
days after the full moon.
These three studies show a powerful
relationship between the cycles of the
moon and the behavior of animals.
Perhaps in the future, studies will show
a similar connection between these
cycles and the activities of humans.
Track 14

1 Sister:  Its raining. Can I use your
umbrella?
Brother:  OK, no problem.
2 Student 1:  Pardon me, Professor. Could I
talk to you?
Professor:  Im sorry, I have a meeting now.
But I can see you later.
3 Stranger 1:  Pardon me. May I sit here?
Stranger 2:  Im sorry. Im saving the seat for
my friend.
4 Stranger 1:  Excuse me, is it ok if I go
before you in the line?
Stranger 2:  Sorry, Im in a hurry too.
5 Student 2:  Excuse me, can I borrow your

dictionary?
Student 3:  Sure.
Track 15

1  What do you want to find out?
2  Is there a cure for jet lag?
3  Why do lions hunt at night?
4  Who discovered circadian rhythm?
5  Do plants respond to the cycles of the
moon?
6  Are you tired?
Track 16

Multi-generational homes
Host:  Id like to welcome urban planner
Joseph Farid to our show. Dr. Farid,
what can you tell us about homes and
how they are changing?

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Dr. Farid:  Well, in many traditional cultures
its common for grandparents, in-laws,
children, and other extended family
members to live in the same house.
Now theres a growing trend for this socalled multi-generational or multigen household in other places, too, for
example in North America and Europe.
Host:  Does multi-generational just mean
more than one generation living
together?
Dr. Farid:  Well, there isnt an exact
definition, but basically it means there
are at least two adult generations living
together under the same roof.
Host:  So, youre saying that theres more
of that type of household these days
around the world? Is there a particular
reason?
Dr. Farid:  There are a few reasons or
benefits. First, Id say its economics.
In many industrialized countries with
rising food prices and the higher cost
of living theres a growing number of
young adults, known as boomerang
kids, who move away from home for
college, and then they move back home
as adults because they cant afford their
own housing. So the parents so-called
empty nest then becomes what we

can call a crowded nest.
And a second reason is health care as
people are living longer. For example,
many people who were born in the
1960s and 70s, called Generation X,
are now working and have a family, but
their elderly parents are still alive. With
health care so expensive these days,
multi-generational housing gives them
more choices for care giving.
Host:  I see. Are there any other reasons for
the increase in multi-gen homes?
Dr. Farid:  Yes, I think another reason is
emotional. In this rapidly globalized
world many people dont want to
lose their cozy, traditional family and
community bonds. So, the multigenerational home that includes elderly
grandparents, Generation X parents,
adult kids, and even grandkids gives
everyone a real feeling of connection to
home.
Host:  So, I suppose the multi-gen home
boom has a lot going for it.
Dr. Farid:  Yes it does. Of course, when
people of three or four generations
live in the same house there can be
issues like cooking and cleaning, using
the bathrooms, and having enough
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space for clothes especially in small,
compact homes. But as weve seen there
are many economic and emotional
advantages, too.
Host:  OK, Dr. Farid, thank you very much
for joining us today.
Track 17

1  Some people want a multi-gen house
to have room for the grandparents
complete with its own bathroom and
kitchen what we can call an in-law
apartment.
2  Many people born in the 1960s and
70s, known as Generation X, want to
have space in their home for an office.
3  The Generation Y kids, also called the
millennial generation, were born in the
1980s to the mid-1990s, and they make
up the largest number of so-called
boomerang kids.
Track 18

Less is more
Newscaster:  We often say home is where the
heart is. Thats certainly true for Dhez
and Marta Ramos, even though their
home is, well, tiny. In fact, Mr. and Mrs.
Ramos belong to what is known as the
tiny-house movement that is becoming

popular world-wide.
Professor Lee is an expert in this area.
She explains that many people these
days believe a simple life is good, and
so theyre trying to live comfortably in
the smallest space possible. In other
words, theyre choosing to downsize
their idea of home.
Dhez and Marta, for example, live in an
11 square meter mini-home. Perhaps to
us that sounds more micro than mini,
but what does Dhez think about their
living space?
Dhez:  Theres enough space for a bed, which
we can fold up into the wall during
the day. And theres a cupboard above
and another one below the bed for our
clothes, a cute mini-kitchen to cook,
and a very compact toilet or shower. Of
course, there isnt any space for our inlaws or extended family. We also cant
have lots of books and CDs, but thats
no problemwe read on our iPad and
listen to our iPod! Actually, we have
enough space to live well and happily.
Newscaster:  They bought their tiny house
ready-made from a company called
MHS [MiniHouseSolutions] on the

Internet. MHS designs mini-homes
from 5 to 35 square meters, and theres

a choice of eight different models,
including an A shape cabin, a box cube,
and a round dome. The company also
delivers the new tiny homes complete
with wheels so the new owners can
park it anywhere: in urban areas, next
to a field, in a forest, by a river, in a
parents front yard, even on the back of
a trucka true mobile home.
And for customers who want to build
their own tiny-home, MHS sells all the
building materials, complete with plans
and step-by-step instructions.
Dhez and Marta paid only $7,000 for
their MHS tiny home, so it is certainly
inexpensive. But are there any other
benefits to living small? Heres what
Marta has to say.
Marta:  Actually, its a great feeling to know
that were living simply and not wasting
space with more rooms than we really
need. Our home uses fewer materials
and less energy, and so its very friendly
to the environment, too. Not only that,
its also definitely cozyvery cozy!
And we definitely dont have too much
housework to do.
Newscaster:  Hmmm, perhaps too cozy for
many of us. But for Dhez and Marta
Ramos, and a growing number of other

people, when it comes to home, less is
more!
Track 19

1 
A:  I dont know what to make for dinner. 
B:  Lets cook rice for dinner.
A:  OK, thats a good idea.
2 
A:  I dont really like the way my bedroom
looks.
B:  Well, maybe you could change the
furniture.
A:  I think Id rather just get a houseplant,
its cheaper.
3 
A:  I want to make this place more
beautiful.
B:  How about putting flowers in the
garden?
A:  Well, I think it might be better to plant
vegetables to eat.
4 
A:  Do you want to go out this evening?
B:  Why dont we stay home and watch TV.
A:  OK, good idea.

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Copyright © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012.


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5 
A:  I dont have enough space for all my
things.
B:  Well, I suggest you put a bookcase there.
A:  Id rather put it over here because
theres more light.
Track 20

1
Dr. Farid:  Theres a growing number of
young adults.
2
Host:  So, I suppose the multi-gen home
boom has a lot going for it.
3
Newscaster:  We often say home is where the
heart is.
4
Newscaster:  Professor Lee is an expert in this
area.
5
Newscaster:  What does Dhez think about
their living space?

6
Dhez:  Theres enough space for a bed.
Track 21

Wallscapes
Cho:  This is Matthew Cho, reporting on
the latest trend in outdoor advertising:
wallscapes. Wallscapes are huge
advertisements that cover the entire
side of a building. Im standing on
Main Street in downtown Centerville,
looking up as workers paint an ad for a
new television show on the side of an
enormous building.
With me is Steve Engle, manager of
ABC Wallscapes. ABC Wallscapes puts
up the huge ads on buildings, parking
structures, and other large outdoor
spaces. Mr. Engle, whats the difference
between a wallscape and a billboard?
Engle:  Well, theyre similar in one way.
Both of them are a type of large
outdoor advertising. Billboards are
the huge ads you see by the side of the
road when youre driving. But unlike
billboards, wallscapes use permanent
structures, especially the sides of
buildings, as the place for the ad.
Cho:  What materials are used to make
wallscapes?

Engle:  One material is paint, like the ad
for the TV show thats going up here.
But wallscapes can also be made from
cloth. And our company does threePhotocopiable

dimensional ads. For example, we did
one for a sports equipment company
that had a 25-foot plastic basketball
coming out of the side of the building.
Cho:  Thats incredible. But I imagine
wallscapes are very expensive to put
up. Why do companies choose this
form of advertising? They could choose
something cheaper, like a newspaper ad.
Engle:  Well, imagine that youre walking
around in a city, and you turn a corner
and suddenly you see this enormous
ad. Youre not going to forget it, are
you? Theres no way to have that kind
of surprise with a miniature ad in a
newspaper. Wallscapes succeed in
getting peoples attention.
Cho:  Thats true. Now, what about the ad
thats going up here: How big will it be
when its finished?
Engle:  150 feet tall and 90 feet wide
about 13,000 square feet.
Cho:  Wow. Thats a lot of paint! So your
painters are working 150 feet up in the
air. Isnt this really dangerous? They

might fall and hurt themselves.
Engle:  No, its very safe. There are a lot
of safety devices. Weve never had an
accident.
Cho:  Well Mr. Engle, thanks for talking
with us. Reporting from downtown, Im
Matthew Cho for KNWZ news.
Track 22

Miniature medical devices
Interviewer:  Good afternoon listeners and
welcome to MediPod, our weekly
podcast on health and medicine. Our
topic this time is miniature medical
devices, and with me to discuss this
trend is Dr. Michael Singh. Welcome to
the show.
Dr. Singh:  Thank you.
Interviewer:  To begin, I see youre holding
something in your hand. Its a tiny
device, about three centimeters long
and one centimeter wide, and its
similar in shape to a large pill. Can you
tell us what it is?
Track 23

Interviewer:  Good afternoon listeners and
welcome to MediPod, our weekly
podcast on health and medicine. Our
topic this time is miniature medical

devices, and with me to discuss this
trend is Dr. Michael Singh. Welcome to
the show.

Audioscript
Dr. Singh:  Thank you.
Interviewer:  To begin, I see youre holding
something in your hand. Its a tiny
device, about three centimeters long
and one centimeter wide, and its
similar in shape to a large pill. Can you
tell us what it is?
Dr. Singh:  Certainly. Believe it or not, its
a miniature camera, a so-called pill
camera, or Pill Cam©, that patients
can actually swallow. We use it to find
problems in the small intestine.
Interviewer:  Thats amazing. Tell us how it
works.
Dr. Singh:  Its quite simple, really. The
patient swallows the Pill Cam© with
water. And then, for the next eight
hours, while the patient is doing his or
her regular activities, the camera travels
through the body, taking pictures, and
sending them to a recording device.
After eight hours, the patient takes the
recording device to the doctor. The
images are downloaded to a computer,
and the doctor looks at them in order

to find the patients problem.
Interviewer:  How is this better than earlier
technology?
Dr. Singh:  In the past, if doctors wanted to
see the small intestine, the only way to
do it was to take an enormous number
of x-rays. The patient had to lie down
without moving for a long time. Unlike
the Pill Cam©, X-rays are also dangerous
because they give off radiation. Plus
the x-rays themselves were not very
clear. The advantage of the Pill Cam© is
that we get beautiful, clear images, and
theres no radiation or discomfort to
the patient.
Interviewer:  Are there any disadvantages?
Dr. Singh:  A few. The Pill Cam© is expensive,
and it takes time for the doctor to
look at the pictures. But the main
disadvantage is that after the patient
swallows the device, the doctor cant
control it. There is no way to stop it,
for instance, if the doctor wants to look
closely at one particular part of the
intestine. However, researchers are now
developing a new camera that doctors
can control from outside the body. Its
going to be a huge improvement.
Interviewer:  Thats fascinating. Well now,
lets talk about a different part of the

body - the ear. I understand now that
there are tiny hearing aids [fade] that go
inside the ear.

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5


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Listening&Speaking

Audioscript

Level 1

Track 24

Interviewer:  Good afternoon listeners and
welcome to MediPod, our weekly
podcast on health and medicine. Our
topic this time is miniature medical
devices, and with me to discuss this
trend is Dr. Michael Singh. Welcome to
the show.
Dr. Singh:  Thank you.
Interviewer:  To begin, I see youre holding
something in your hand. Its a tiny
device, about three centimeters long

and one centimeter wide, and its
similar in shape to a large pill. Can you
tell us what it is?
Dr. Singh:  Certainly. Believe it or not, its
a miniature camera, a so-called pill
camera, or Pill Cam©, that patients
can actually swallow. We use it to find
problems in the small intestine.
Interviewer:  Thats amazing. Tell us how it
works.
Dr. Singh:  Its quite simple, really. The
patient swallows the Pill Cam© with
water. And then, for the next eight
hours, while the patient is doing his or
her regular activities, the camera travels
through the body, taking pictures, and
sending them to a recording device.
After eight hours, the patient takes the
recording device to the doctor. The
images are downloaded to a computer,
and the doctor looks at them in order
to find the patients problem.
Track 25

Interviewer:  How is this better than earlier
technology?
Dr. Singh:  In the past, if doctors wanted to
see the small intestine, the only way to
do it was to take an enormous number
of x-rays. The patient had to lie down

without moving for a long time. Unlike
the Pill Cam©, X-rays are also dangerous
because they give off radiation. Plus
the x-rays themselves were not very
clear. The advantage of the Pill Cam© is
that we get beautiful, clear images, and
theres no radiation or discomfort to
the patient.
Interviewer:  Are there any disadvantages?
Dr. Singh:  A few. The Pill Cam© is expensive,
and it takes time for the doctor to
look at the pictures. But the main
disadvantage is that after the patient
swallows the device, the doctor cant
control it. There is no way to stop it,
for instance, if the doctor wants to look

Photocopiable

closely at one particular part of the
intestine. However, researchers are now
developing a new camera that doctors
can control from outside the body. Its
going to be a huge improvement.
Interviewer:  Thats fascinating. Well now,
lets talk about a different part of the
body - the ear. I understand now that
there are tiny hearing aids [fade] that go
inside the ear
Track 26


1  Im standing at the corner of 5th and
Main streets.
2  Its not raining now.
3  Imagine that youre walking around
downtown.
4  She isnt sitting at her desk.
5  Theyre painting an enormous
wallscape.
6  Shes holding something in her hand.
7  Hes developing a new kind of camera.
8  Were not meeting with the painter
today.
9  They arent listening to the speaker.
10  Hes not working for the advertising
company anymore.
Track 27

Henry:  Hi Alex. Where are you? What are
you doing?
Alex:  Im at the natural history museum.
Im standing in front of the skeleton of
a blue whale. Its enormous.
Henry:  Whats all that noise?
Alex:  Theres a group of schoolchildren
here with their teacher. Shes trying to
tell them about the whale, but theyre
not paying attention. Theyre running
around and laughing.
Henry:  I see. Is Mark with you?

Alex:  No, hes working.
Henry:  OK, well, have a good time.
Alex:  OK, Im going now. Bye.
Track 28

1  I do not support cigarette smoking in
public places because cigarette smoke
hurts everybody.
2  Im against billboards because they are
ugly.
3  I support students bringing cell phones
to school because sometimes we need
to reach our parents.
4  Im for a law that makes people recycle
because recycling is good for the
environment.

5  Im for starting English lessons in
school at age four because young
children learn languages easily.
Track 29

Graphology
Host:  Today Id like to welcome our guest,
Tamara Kim, who is a graphologist.
Ms. Kim, welcome. Now, can you tell
us what graphologists actually do, and
why?
Tamara:  OK, the simple answer is that
graphologists analyze peoples

handwriting. Everyones handwriting is
unique. We all have our own patterns
of writing, which are different from
everyone elses. There are two main
purposes for handwriting analysis. The
first is to make a profile, or description,
of someones personality.
Host:  Ah, so its true that our handwriting
shows what kind of a person we are?
Tamara:  To be honest, most scientists think
that graphology is not truly scientific
and not very reliable. However, I
should mention that some companies
hire graphologists to analyze the
handwriting of job applicants. They
think its a good way to help them find
the best person for the job, and avoid
hiring the wrong person, for example
someone who is disorganized and cant
complete projects efficiently.
Host:  Ah, OK, so what about the other
purpose for handwriting analysis?
Tamara:  The other is mainly as evidence in
a legal case. One example is examining
a document to see if its authentic or a
fake. Another example is that police
can use the handwriting on a note
or memo to figure out if someone is
linked to a crime.
Host:  So what exactly do you look at when

you analyze handwriting?
Tamara:  We generally focus on four features.
The first is form, including the size,
shape, and slant or angle of the letters.
Host:  Can you give an example?
Tamara:  Sure, for example, lets take the
letters l and h. One person may make
the top of those letters very tall and
narrow, while another person may
make them short and wide. We can
also look at the letters g and y. One
person may make the bottom part of a
g and y closed like a loop or circle while
another persons g and y are always
open like a curved line at the bottom.

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Listening&Speaking

Audioscript

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Host:  I see, thats interesting. So how about

the other features?
Tamara:  OK, the second one is line
pressure, meaning how hard the writer
pushes the pen or pencil against the
paper. This makes the writing darker
or lighter. The third feature is called
arrangement, which includes how close
together the letters are. It also includes
punctuation, like periods and commas.
Host:  Wow, I didnt think of that. I guess
the way people use commas can tell
you a lot!
Tamara:  Yes, definitely. And finally, experts
should look at content, including
spelling, grammar, and vocabulary, such
as adjectives and adverbs.
Host:  So you can actually analyze
everything about someones writing?
Tamara:  Yes, each feature can individually
give us some information, and all
four features together can show a clear
pattern in someones handwriting.
Host:  Very interesting so I guess I should
change my writing style if I am going to
commit a crime, right?
Tamara:  Well, yes And if you want to
avoid getting caught by the police its a
good idea to use a computer instead of
a pen!
Host:  Ms Kim, thank you for talking with

me today.
Tamara:  My pleasure.
Track 30

1  One example is examining a document
to see if its authentic or a fake.
2  Another example is that police can use
the handwriting on a note or memo
to figure out if someone is linked to a
crime.
3  The first is form, including the size,
shape, and slant or angle of the letters.
4  Sure, for example, lets take the letters
l and h.
5  The third feature is called arrangement,
which includes how close together the
letters are.
6  It also includes punctuation, like
periods and commas.
7  Experts should look at content,
including spelling, grammar, and
vocabulary, such as adjectives and
adverbs.

Photocopiable

Track 31

Flocks, schools and swarms
Lecturer:  Good morning everyone.

Today our topic is Flocks, swarms,
and schools. That probably sounds
confusing, so Ill try to make the
lecture clear and understandableand
interesting.
To do that, Ill cover three areas:
First, Ill give you some background
information including what scientists
want to know. Then Ill introduce the
key terms flock behavior and swarm
intelligence and explain what they are.
Finally, well look at some ways that our
understanding of flocks and swarms is
useful. Ill go slowly so you can take
notes. And you should write down any
questions you have so you can ask me
at the end.
Track 32

Lecturer:  Good morning everyone.
Today our topic is Flocks, swarms,
and schools. That probably sounds
confusing, so Ill try to make the
lecture clear and understandableand
interesting.
To do that, Ill cover three areas:
First, Ill give you some background
information including what scientists
want to know. Then Ill introduce the
key terms flock behavior and swarm

intelligence and explain what they are.
Finally, well look at some ways that our
understanding of flocks and swarms is
useful. Ill go slowly so you can take
notes. And you should write down any
questions you have so you can ask me
at the end.
OK, lets start with some background.
We all know that birds fly in the
sky, fish swim in the sea, and ants
walk on land. That makes them very
different, but they do have something
in commonthey often move together
in large groups very efficiently to find
food, to avoid danger, or to build a
home. Scientists study these groups of
birds, fish, and insects to discover two
things: First, is there authentic evidence
of a pattern in this group behavior? And
second, what can we learn from this
group behavior to help humans solve
real world problems?

Now lets look more closely at how
this group behavior works. For
example, how does a flock of birds
fly so close together in a perfect V or
S arrangement? How does a school
of hundreds of fish change direction
instantly, all together when they see a

shark? How does a swarm of ants make
a perfectly straight line moving toward
food thats far away? Well, the answer
is called flock behavior or swarm
intelligence.
Those terms just mean that all the birds,
fish, and ants, when they are in a large
group, follow the same reliable pattern
of behavior. And this pattern includes
just three simple rules: First, they
should all move in the same direction
as their neighbors. Second, they should
remain close to their neighbors. And
third, they shouldnt crash into any of
their neighbors.
Sounds simple, right? But whats really
interesting is that the flocks and swarms
that move so perfectly together have no
leader directing them. In other words,
each member of the flock or swarm acts
and moves individually following the
three rules. This is an example of what
scientists call self-governing behavior.
Now, last, to understand how flock
behavior or swarm intelligence relates
to our lives, we should consider some
examples. Id like to mention just
three. First, air traffic controllers create
profiles of different flight patterns
of bird flocks. And they use these to

figure out the safest flight patterns for
airplanes to avoid accidents. Second,
factory managers are copying the
ways ants work together to make their
production lines quicker. And third, city
planners use information about schools
of fish to make large public spaces like
football stadiums and subway stations
more user-friendly.
OK, I will stop now so you can ask
questionsyes, Dani.
Track 33

1  ADjective
2  aNOther
3  arRANGEment
4  auTHENtic
5  comPUter
6  conNECted
7  DOCument
8  exAmine 

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Listening&Speaking


Audioscript

Level 1

9  eXAMple 
10  HANDwriting
11  inCLUding 
12  introDUCE
13  PERfectly
14  SCIentist
Track 34

1  toGETHer 
2  beHAVior 
3  PERfectly 
4  FACtory
5  FOLLowing
6  diRECtion
7  proDUCtion
8  disCOVer
9  MANager
10  STAdium
11  eFFIcient
12  EVidence

CD2
Track 01

Its fun to be scared

Michelle:  Hello and welcome to the Travel
show. Im your host, Michelle Corliss,
and our topic today is roller coasters!
My first guest is Mr. Nicolas Jones.
Mr. Jones, I understand you have an
unusual hobby?
Nicolas:  Yes.
Michelle:  Why dont you tell us about it?
Nicolas:  Well, I love to ride on roller
coasters. I travel all over the world
visiting amusement parks and riding
their roller coasters.
Michelle:  How many roller coasters have
you been on?
Nicolas:  Almost 500. Ive been to 22
countries, plus 42 states in the U.S.
Michelle:  Wow! Thats a lot! And where was
your last trip?
Nicolas:  Well, last year I went to the Ferrari
World amusement park in Abu Dhabi.
What a place! Theres a new roller coaster
there called the Formula Rossa, and right
now its the fastest roller coaster in the
world. Riding on that thing oh, it was
awesome, totally amazing.
Michelle:  How fast does it go?
Nicolas:  240 kilometers per hour.
Michelle:  Two hundred forty kilometers an
hour! Thats terrifying!
Photocopiable


Nicolas:  Yeah, it was pretty scary. The year
before I was in Japan. Theres a roller
coaster there called the Steel Dragon
2000. Its the longest roller coaster in
the world.
Michelle:  How long is it?
Nicolas:  2,478 meters.
Michelle:  Very cool. Well, now let me bring
in our second guest: Dr Randall Sparks.
Dr. Sparks is not a regular doctor. He
is a psychologist who does research on
fear. Dr Sparks, it seems like there are
some people who enjoy feeling afraid.
What do you think about that?
Dr. Sparks:  Well, some people are what
we call thrill seekers, in other words,
people who seek out dangerous
activities like skydiving and rock
climbing. They enjoy taking risks and
competing against others. Without
excitement in their lives, these people
feel bored.
Michelle:  What about people who love roller
coasters, are they thrill seekers too?
Dr. Sparks:  Not always. Most people like to
experience a little fear as long as they
know it isnt real. Thats why so many
people enjoy listening to scary stories,
for example. Similarly, when youre on

a roller coaster, you can enjoy traveling
at crazy speeds because you know
that, really, roller coasters are very safe.
Theres no real risk.
Michelle:  OK, lets go back to Mr. Jones. Do
you see yourself as a thrill seeker?
Nicolas:  Well maybe a little. I like fast
cars, but I would never jump out of an
airplane.
Michelle:  So what is it about roller coasters
that you enjoy so much?
Nicolas:  Its like what Dr. Sparks said. When
Im on a roller coaster, I feel I have no
balance, and absolutely no control over
anything thats happening. The speed,
the twists and turns, the drops It
feels like Im going to fall out, and yet I
know that roller coasters are incredibly
safe, so I just let myself enjoy the fear.
Track 02

1  Were going to the amusement park
tomorrow!
2  Were not going to the amusement park
tomorrow.
3  Are you sure the roller coaster is safe?
4  You jumped out of an airplane?!
5  Do you enjoy fast cars?
6  You look really funny in that hat!


7  Fouad is an hour late. I hope hes OK.
8  Will this journey ever end? Its so slow.
9  You can fly an airplane? Really? I didnt
know!
Track 03

1  Wow! Thats a lot!
2  What a place! Theres a new roller
coaster there called the Formula Rossa,
and right now its the fastest roller
coaster in the world.
3  Two hundred forty kilometers an hour!
Thats terrifying!
4  Well maybe a little. I like fast cars,
but I would never jump out of an
airplane.
5  So what is it about roller coasters that
you enjoy so much?
Track 04

The race to be the slowest
Scott:  Bicycle racing is one of the fastest
and most dangerous sports in the
world especially when groups of cyclists
compete on narrow mountain roads or
busy city streets.
If that sounds risky to you, then
welcome to the unusual sport of slow
bicycle racing. Im Scott Perlo and
Im in Palm City, Florida, at the Third

Annual Slow Bicycle Race. The winner
of the slow bike race is not the person
who finishes first, but the person who
finishes last.
The race takes place on a straight course
thats 20 meters long and only 75
centimeters wide. The rules are simple:
First, riders cant just balance in one
place. The bike has to move forward at
all times.
Second, the bike has to stay inside the
lines of the course.
Third, no part of the riders body can
touch the ground.
Last, the winner is the person who takes
the longest time to finish the course.
Slow bike racing is totally different
from the more famous sport of speed
cycling. Speed cycling is an OlympicTM
sport that requires athletes to train for
many hours each week. Riders wear
special clothes, and they ride specially
designed, super-light bicycles over long
distances, across the countryside, up
and down hills, at speeds up to 160
kilometers an hour.

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On the other hand, slow bike racing
is definitely not an OlympicTM sport!
Riders require no special training.
Unlike speed racers, slow bikers are not
thrill seekers. They wear regular clothes,
ride regular street bikes, and never go
more than 24 or 25 kilometers an hour.
And, since the course is only 20 meters
long, it can be set up anywhere. The
Jacksonville course, for example, is on a
basketball court in a city park.
Slow bike racing is part of the Slow
Bicycle movement. The Slow Bicycle
movement started in Copenhagen and
is now all over the world. Members
believe in using bikes as a normal
form of transport for going to work
or the shops. The philosophy of the
movement is Enjoy the ride.
Here in Jacksonville, I spoke with the
winner of last years Slow Bicycle race,
Martin Erickson, age 17. He says that
slow bike racing isnt as easy as it looks.

Martin:  It takes balance, control, and a lot of
focus to stay inside the lines and not fall.
Scott:  Martin finished the race in a slow
time of one minute and fifty five
seconds. Remember, the course is only
20 meters long. Did he have to practice
a lot to get this slow time?
Martin:  No, I was just walking by and it
looked like fun, so I joined the race.
Scott:  This year, Martin hopes to improve
his time and finish the race in two
minutes, or, even better, two and a half.
Im Scott Perlo for Florida State Radio.
Track 05

Scott:  Slow bike racing is totally different
from the more famous sport of speed
cycling. Speed cycling is an OlympicTM
sport that requires athletes to train for
many hours each week. Riders wear
special clothes, and they ride specially
designed, super-light bicycles over long
distances, across the countryside, up
and down hills, at speeds up to 160
kilometers an hour.
On the other hand, slow bike racing is
definitely not an Olympic sport! Riders
require no special training. Unlike
speed racers, slow bikers are not thrill
seekers. They wear regular clothes, ride

regular street bikes, and never go more
than 24 or 25 kilometers an hour.
And, since the course is only 20 meters
long, it can be set up anywhere. The
Jacksonville course, for example, is on a
basketball court in a city park.
Photocopiable

Track 06

1  Ferraris are fast sports cars, and
Maseratis are, too.
2  France has a high-speed train system,
and so does China.
3  Tennis is a fast game, but golf is very
slow.
4  Turtles are different from tortoises.
Tortoises live only on land. In contrast,
turtles also live in water.
5  Andrea is like her sister because they
both talk very fast.
6  Cheetahs, jaguars, and panthers are
similar. They are fast, large cats.
7  Jogging and running are different in
speed. Jogging is slower.
Track 07

1  Traveling and visiting
2  Why dont you stay?
3  What do you need?

4  Shes one of the best.
5  Just listen. Dont talk.
6  Mary has to go.
Track 08

1  Why dont you tell us about it?
2  What do you think about that?
3  I just let myself enjoy the fear.
4  Bicycle racing is one of the best and
most exciting sports in the world.
5  The bike has to move forward at all
times.
6  It takes balance, control, and a lot of
focus to stay inside the lines.
Track 09

Our world, our senses
Host:  Hello everyone, and welcome to Our
world, our senses. This week we focus
on our sense of sight, and my guest is
Dr. Henry Chung, an eye specialist at
Eastern Hospital. Dr. Chung, lets start
with the basics. What should we know
about our eyes?
Dr. Chung:  Well, first of all, except for your
brain, your eyes are the most complex
organs you have. Each eye has more
than two million parts! That means
our eyes can focus on 50 things per
secondeven though only 17% of our

eye is exposed to the outside world.
Host:  Wow, thats pretty amazing.
Dr. Chung:  Yes it is, and the muscles that
move our eyes are the most active
muscles in the human body. They allow

Audioscript
us to blink, on average, 12 times every
minute that were awakethats 10,000
blinks a day! Check it out for yourself
when youre near a friend or someone
in your family. You may also notice that
women blink twice as much as men!
Host:  Really? Why is that?
Dr. Chung:  Researchers say its because
women react to loud sounds around
them by blinking a lot.
Host:  OK, I have a question whats the
maximum distance a human can see?
Dr. Chung:  Good questionand there are
two answers. First, when you look up
above you into the night sky, you can
see stars that are millions of kilometers
away. Thats because they give off so
much light.
Host:  So how about when I look straight
ahead on flat land?
Dr. Chung:  Ah, thats answer number two. If
youre average adult height, on a clear
day you can see straight ahead up to 4.6

kilometers.
Host:  But there are animals that have even
better vision than humans, right?
Dr. Chung:  Yes, you know the expression
eagle-eyed? It means having excellent
eyesight. Thats because some birds,
such as eagles and hawks, can see up
to eight times more clearly than the
sharpest human eye. An eagle, for
example, can see a small rabbit 1.5
kilometers away.
Host:  One and a half kilometers!?
Incredible! And what about seeing
at night? Is it true owls and cats have
amazing night vision?
Dr. Chung:  Well, yes. In fact, an owl can see
a mouse about 100 meters away, even
when its dark! Owls can also move
their head around 270 degreesalmost
a complete circle!
Host:  Wow! OK, one more question. We all
know the expression blind as a bat.
Are bats really blind?
Dr. Chung:  Well, no, actually, thats not true.
In fact, bats can see pretty well. But at
night, many bats use only sound to find
their way. In other words, they see with
their ears!
Host:  Fascinating. Well, Im afraid thats all
the time we have. Thank you very much

for joining us today, Dr. Chung.
Dr. Chung:  My pleasure.
Host:  Everyone, please tune in next week
when we focus on the sense of taste.

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Well learn how it can give us some
of our most wonderful experiences,
enjoying the many complex flavors and
textures of food. See you next week.
Track 10

1  30
2  14
3  115
4  660
5  7,770
6  18,880

7  190,990
8  2,215,000
Track 11

1  People read 1.5 times slower from a
computer screen.
2  My eyeglasses are not so expensive.
They cost $260.
3  This survey shows that 35% of teenagers
wear glasses.
4  Honey bees have 5,500 lenses in each
eye.
5  Falcons can see 2.6 times better than
humans.
6  We can see the moon, which is 384,403
km away
Track 12

Dans le Noir
Reviewer:  A good meal is an experience
that includes many senses: taste, smell,
and touch, of course but also sight.
We enjoy looking at the colors, shapes,
and design of the food on the plate.
However, at one London restaurant, the
diners must enjoy their meal without
their sense of sight because the dining
room is completely, totally dark.
Sound like an interesting idea? Well, the
restaurant is Dans le Noir, which means

in the dark in French. And according
to its website, eating in total darkness,
without sight, allows our other senses
to become fully awake. But thats
not all. The French owners of Dans
Le Noir say that their goal is to give
people a new exciting food experience,
and to raise peoples awareness about
blindness.
And speaking of the food experience,
what about the menu? Well, thats
unique too because most diners choose
from one of the kitchens four surprise
menus. Theres the Chefs Surprise
menu, a fish and seafood menu, a meat
Photocopiable

eaters menu, and a vegetarian one.
Each menu is designed with its own
surprise mix of flavors and textures,
and even different temperatures of the
plates.
And do the diners enjoy the surprise of
not knowing what theyre going to eat?
Well, according to the owners, they do.
The meal becomes an exciting guessing
game, and the diners have fun trying to
figure out what theyre eating!
But can the waiters figure out how
to serve the right meals to the right

customers in total darkness? Ah in
Dans le Noir the waiters are called
guides, and they are all blind. As the
restaurants website says, blind people
are used to the darkness themselves,
and they are carefully trained to make
sure they serve the right meal to the
right person, and to help the customers
feel comfortable for the 90 minutes or
so that they are also blind.
So, what do the customers say about
the experience of eating at Dans le
Noir?
Customer:  When you arrive you have to put
anything that is a source of light, like
a lighter, cell phone, watch, or camera,
into a locker. That means the dining
room really is completely black you
cant even see your hands! But you
soon get used to it, and its definitely
a unique experience. Its also kind of
fun talking to people you cant see. All
in all, its definitely not your average
dining experience, its unique. It makes
you think about the complex role of
sight in our life. Oh, and the food really
is delicious!
Reviewer:  So, if you feel adventurous and
want a new, different dining experience,
try Dans le Noir. For more information,

go to
Track 13

1  The French owners of Dans Le Noir say
that their goal is to give people a new
exciting food experience, and to raise
peoples awareness about blindness.
And speaking of the food experience,
what about the menu?
2  Each menu is designed with its own
surprise mix of flavors and textures,
and even different temperatures of the
plates.
And do the diners enjoy the surprise of
not knowing what theyre going to eat?

3  The meal becomes an exciting guessing
game, and the diners have fun trying to
figure out what theyre eating!
But can the waiters figure out how
to serve the right meals to the right
customers in total darkness?
4  As the restaurants website says, blind
people are used to the darkness
themselves, and they are carefully
trained to make sure they serve the
right meal to the right person, and to
help the customers feel comfortable for
the 90 minutes or so that they are also
blind.

So, what do the customers say about
the experience of eating at Dans le
Noir?
Track 14

1
A:  OK, how many things can our eyes
focus on at the same time?
B:  uh Could you please repeat the
question?
2
A:  OK, next question whats the
maximum distance a human can see?
B:  Sorry, what does maximum mean?
3
A:  Now question 3 how many degrees
can an owl move its head around to see
in all directions? a]240 degrees b] 270
degrees or C] 360 degrees
B:  uh. Sorry, could I have that once
more please?
4
A:  Last question: Is it actually a fact that
bats use sound instead of sight at night.
B:  Excuse me, but that was too fast for me
to understand.
Track 15

1  What
What should we know about our eyes?

2  That
You may notice that women blink more
than men.
3  React
Women react when they hear loud
sounds.
4  Best
The best night vision belongs to cats
and owls.
5  Fact
In fact bats can see.

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Audioscript

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Track 16

1  Eating in total darkness, without sight,
allows our other senses to become awake.
2  But thats not all.

3  Most diners choose from one of the
kitchens four surprise menus.
4  The diners have fun trying to figure out
what theyre eating!
5  How do waiters know how to serve the
right meals?
6  If you feel adventurous and want a new,
different dining experience, try Dans le
Noir.
Track 17

Ultimate memory
Host:  Hello everyone and welcome to our
weekly broadcast Ultimate memory.
Today we have psychologist Oliver Alvi,
whos written a book called Secrets of
ultimate memory. Welcome Dr. Alvi.
Dr. Alvi:  Thank you.
Host:  Dr. Alvi, you know, many of us cant
remember peoples names, or even our
own phone number, not to mention
what we had for breakfast this morning!
But according to your book, a few
individuals have what you call ultimate
memory. So I suppose what everyone
wants to know is, how do they do it?
Dr. Alvi:  Well, first of all, its true that
most of us forget a lot more than we
remember. That means we fall into that
very large group of people called

normal! And actually, we can survive
perfectly well like that. But some people
do have an amazing ability to recall
a lot of information exactly. Now,
psychologists usually classify them into
two types or categories. One type has
what I call event memory. They just
naturally remember dates, events, and
the smallest details of their life.
Host:  Can you give us any examples?
Dr. Alvi:  OK, there are two well-known
cases: first, Brad Williams, whos
sometimes called the Human
GoogleTM. He can tell you all of the
main news events that happened
on any given day in the last 40 years
with perfect accuracy. Then theres the
woman Jill Price, called the Human
Calendar. Give her any random date
from her life and shes able to recall the
day of the week, what she did that day,
and what the weather was like. Again,
with perfect accuracy.
Photocopiable

Host:  Wow, that is truly amazing. OK, so
the first type is ultimate or extreme
event memory. What about the other
type of ultimate memory?
Dr. Alvi:  I call that super memorization,

because those people use training
techniques to help them remember
a huge amount of information very
quickly. One example is Tatiana Cooley,
American champion of the Mental
Olympics. She can memorize a 40 line
poem perfectly in 10 minutes. Another
super memorizer is Wang Feng from
China, winner of the World Memory
Championship. Hes able to memorize
the exact order of 52 playing cards in 24
seconds.
Host:  52 cards in 24 seconds? Fascinating!
Ok, so the key question here is
can normal people become super
memorizers?
Dr. Alvi:  Well, the short answer is yes. And
the way to do that is by using a method
to help you remember something
difficult. We can divide them into
different kinds, like using an image, or
a story, or a sentence.
For example, we can memorize the
order of the planets from the sun with
the sentence, My very energetic mother
just served us noodles. The first letter
of each word is the same as the first
letter of the planets [Mercury, Venus,
Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
Neptune]. Thats the way it works, and

thats the kind of tool that the memory
champions use to help them.
Host:  Very useful for all you students out
there! Well, I think that is all the time
we have, so I want to thank you for
joining us today, Dr. Alvi.
Dr. Alvi:  My pleasure.
Track 18

1  That means we fall into that very large
group of people called normal!
2  Now, psychologists usually classify
them into two types or categories.
3  We can divide them into different
kinds, like using an image, or a story, or
a sentence.
Track 19

1  At this university the course subjects fall
into four categories: physical sciences,
social sciences, humanities, and
technology.

2  The food we eat is usually put into
four groups: dairy products, fruits and
vegetables, grains, and meat.
3  Psychologists often categorize people
into two types: A personality and B
personality.
4  My teacher often says that students fit

into two groups: hardworking or lazy.
5  We usually divide sports into two broad
groups or classes: individual sports and
team sports.
6  Libraries use many different systems to
classify books into several categories.
Track 20

Extreme environments
Professor:  Good morning everyone. Lets
begin our discussion of extreme life
by considering different types of
environment on Earth. If you recall, I
asked you to do an Internet search of
extreme environments, so lets see what
you found out. Jason, can you start?
Jason:  Uh OK, well, deserts like the
Sahara, and Death Valley in the U.S. are
pretty extreme. They can get up to 55
degrees Celsius. And the Atacama Desert
in Chile is pretty much the ultimate
example of a super dry desert. It gets
only one millimeter of rain per year.
Prof:  OK thats a good start. Can anyone
add more? Yes, Mari.
Mari:  How about Mt. Everest in Nepal,
which is 8,848meters above sea level,
which means there is very little oxygen
in the air. And Antarctica, at the South
Pole, is also an extreme environment.

It can get down to minus 88 degrees
Celsius.
Prof:  OK good. Other ideas? David?
David:  Theres the Great Salt Lake in the
U.S., the Dead Sea, and also Lake Assal
in Djibouti. Theyre around 35% salt,
which is ten times more than the ocean.
Prof: Good.  Yes, Aisha, another idea?
Aisha:  Yes, speaking of oceans, how about
where its extremely deep. For example,
the Marianas Trench in the Pacific
Ocean is around 11 kilometers deep, so
almost no sunlight gets there.
Prof:  Good point. So, now the key
question is what makes an environment
extreme? And to answer that, lets
try to classify your random examples
into different categories of extreme
environment. What categories of
extreme environment are there? Yes,
Jason can you explain?

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Jason:  Well, I think on earth we can put
them into five categories: lets see
there are hot places, high places, cold
places, salty places and.
Prof:  OK thats a good start. Can anyone
help? Aisha?
Aisha:  Uh I think the last one would be
deep places.
Prof:  Good. So that makes five types of
extreme environment. Can we add a
little information for more accuracy?
Aisha.
Aisha:  Hmm, how about hot and dry, high
with low oxygen, cold, salty, and finally
deep with no light.
Prof:  OK thats more exact. Now lets
consider environments on earth that
are even more extreme. For example, on
the edge of a volcano its 1,100 degrees.
Or inside solid rock seven kilometers
underground. Or in the middle of a
thick frozen ice lake. Can we find life
there? What do you think?
David:  No, I think those environments are
too extreme for life.
Prof:  Well, amazingly, there are small
organisms called extremophiles that
can survive in these very extreme

environments. You know the suffix
phile, p-h-i-l-e means love of something,
so these tiny organisms love extreme
environments. In fact, they can survive
in places that would kill other creatures.
Let me give you what is perhaps the
ultimate example: Tardigrades. Dont
worry, you dont have to memorize
that word. The name means slow
walker and theyre often called water
bears, because they look a little like
bears when they move. Theyre tiny,
only 1.5 millimeters long, but they are
very special. They can survive in cold
temperatures of minus 273 degrees
celsius and hot temperatures of 151
degrees. And they can live without
water for almost 10 years. Pretty
amazing!
OK, for homework, please do an
Internet search for more types and
examples of extremophiles. See you
next week.
Track 21

1  Brad can remember what happened 20
years ago.
2  Jill cant remember what time her class
begins.
3  Many extremophiles cant live in a

normal environment.
Photocopiable

4  Sarah can memorize a long poem in ten
minutes.
5  Can humans live in very extreme
environments?
6  Cant fish live in the Dead Sea?
Track 22

1
A:  OK the first question is, what are five
types of extreme environment?
B:  what are the five types of extreme
environment? hot and dry, cold,
salty, deep and dark, and high with low
oxygen.
2
A:  Can you tell me the names of all your
classmates?
B:  Give me a second, ah OK, James,
Martha, Su-Jeong, Theresa
3
A:  Heres question number 3 what is a
mnemonic tool?
B:  . Pardon?
A:  What is a mnemonic tool?
B:  Hmm its a sentence or an image to
help you remember something.
4

A:  Can you tell me how hot the Sahara
Desert can get?
B:  Uh . Let me think . . 55 degrees
Celsius, right?
5
A:  OK, according to Dr. Alvi, what are the
two types of extreme memory?
B:  What are two types of extreme
memory?... Event memory and super
memorization.
6
A:  Last question What homework
assignment did the professor give at the
end of the discussion?
B:  Sorry?
A:  What homework assignment did the
professor give?
B:  I dont remember.
Track 23

A life lesson
Host:  Welcome to our continuing series of
stories on life lessons. Our story this
week comes from listener Chung Ae
Hak in Madison, Wisconsin.
Chung Ae Hak:  This is a story about a bad
mistake I made when I was in high
school, and what I did ten years later to
try to correct it.


Audioscript
I was born in this country, but my
parents were immigrants from Korea.
They had foreign accents, they werent
well educated, and they worked at
typical low-income jobs, like cleaning
and painting houses. We had food
but there was always a shortage of
money. I remember a few times we got
some boxes of used clothes from our
neighbors. Secretly, I was ashamed of
my familys poverty. I had principles
and I hated receiving charity. I just
wanted to be like everyone else, but I
didnt know how.
One day, when I was in ninth grade,
my chemistry class was preparing for a
big exam. At one point I got up to wash
my hands, but there werent any paper
towels. So I went to get some and, in
the closet on the middle shelf, I saw
some papers with the word exam on
them. Without thinking I took one of
the test papers and put it inside my
sweater. Later, during lunch, I sat down
with one of the popular girls and I
offered to show her the test. I really
wanted her to like me. But instead of
thanking me, she gave me a look of
anger that I will never forget.

The next day the teacher asked to speak
to me privately. She said this girl, her
name was Sally, told her that I had a
copy of the exam. Is that true? the
teacher wanted to know. Of course
not! I answered. Sallys just jealous
because Im a better student than
she is! And the teacher believed me,
because I was a nice quiet girl who
never caused any trouble.
Well, I graduated from high school, I
went to college, and eventually I got a
job. But I never stopped feeling bad that
I stole that test and I lied to my teacher.
Finally, two years ago, I decided to try
to fix my mistake. I wrote two letters:
one to my teacher and one to Sally. I
apologized to both of them and asked
them to forgive me.
Nowadays I work as a volunteer tutor
for kids who are having trouble in
school, and I often tell this story
because I want them to know that its
never too late to try to fix a mistake.
I was very fortunate to learn that life
lesson.

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Audioscript

Level 1

Track 24

Heifer International
Teacher:  Good morning class. Were
fortunate today to have as our guest
speaker Mr. Simon Bushnell. Simon is
a volunteer with a charity called Heifer
International, and hes here to tell us
about the work of the organization.
Simon?
Simon:  OK, hi everybody. To start, let me
ask you a question: Do you think a goat
can change someones life? How about
a chicken? Or a rabbit?
Student 1:  Yeah.
Student 2:  Sure.
Student 3:  Why not?
Simon:  The answer, of course, is yes. My
organization, Heifer International,
works nowadays by donating female

animals to poor families in more than
50 countries. The animals provide
benefits such as milk, eggs, wool, and,
eventually, baby animals, which the
family can sell to help lift itself out of
poverty.
Heifer International was started in
1944 by an American farmer named
Dan West. At the time he worked for
a charity in Spain. It was wartime and
there was a shortage of food. One
day, West was giving out milk to some
children when he had an amazing idea:
What if, instead of giving the children a
cup of milk, he could give them a cow?
Then they could feed themselves and
sell the extra milk to give their family
an income.
Sometime later, Dan West came back
to America and raised money to send
17 heifers to Puerto Rico. Do you know
what a heifer is?
Class:  No, ummm
Simon:  A heifer is a young female cow. And
thats how Heifer International started.
These days, every family that receives an
animal has to agree to follow the basic
principles of the Heifer organization,
which include the so-called Pass On
the Gift principle. This principle says

that the family will give the first-born
female baby of their animal to another
poor family. In this way, the gift of one
animal can help an entire village.
To give you an example, let me tell
you about Peng Yun Jao, a 62-year-old
farmer from a poor village in China.

Photocopiable

In 2008, Peng and his wife received a
female goat from Heifer International.
The goat gave milk to the hungry
family and, later, baby goats. Today,
Pengs family has 12 goats, and the old
couple has enough money to support
themselves in their old age and send
their grandchildren to school.
Heres another example: In western
Honduras, in an area where the soil
is very poor, theres a village called
Colama. In the past, the men often had
to leave the village to find work. About
five years ago Heifer International
donated five cows to the village. The
animals provided healthy food and a
way for families to earn money so they
can send their children to school. Best
of all, now the men dont have to leave
the village to make a living, so families

can stay together.
All right, now that Ive given you
a broad outline of how Heifer
International works to improve peoples
lives, lets look at a film about some of
the families Heifer has helped.
Track 25

Chung Ae Hak:  I saw some papers with the
words final exam on them. Without
thinking I lifted one of the test papers
and put it inside my sweater.
Adult female:  What happened next?
Chung Ae Hak:  I just went back to my seat
and waited for the bell to ring. Later,
during lunch, I sat down with one of
the popular girls
Adult female:  Excuse me, what was her
name?
Chung Ae Hak:  Uh, Sally.
Adult female:  Then what happened?
Chung Ae Hak:  I offered to show her the
test. I really wanted her to like me. But
instead of thanking me, she gave me a
look of anger that I will never forget.
Adult female:  How did you feel when she did
that?
Chung Ae Hak:  Horrible. I wanted to
disappear.
Adult female:  What happened after that?

Chung Ae Hak:  I got up and went over to the
corner and sat down by myself.
Track 26

1  Blinked
2  Competed
3  Risked
4  Avoided

5  Studied
6  Influenced
7  Remembered
8  Called
9  Happened
10  Amazed
11  Interested
12  Passed
Track 27

1  My parents worked at typical lowincome jobs.
2  I just wanted to be like everyone else.
3  I offered to show her the test.
4  The teacher asked to speak to me
privately.
5  I decided to try to fix my mistake.
6  I apologized to both of them and asked
them to forgive me.
Track 28

Love your job

Moderator:  Good morning everyone and
welcome to the Career Fair. I know
youre all job hunting now, so Id like
to offer some very old advice: Choose
a job you love, and you will never have
to work a day in your life. The Chinese
philosopher Confucius said that 2,500
years ago, and its still true today. If
you do a job you enjoy, it doesnt feel
like work. Now, Id like to introduce
our first guest Adrianne Park, who is a
meteorologist. Adrianne, could you tell
us what exactly a meteorologist does?
Adrianne:  Good morning. Well, as a
meteorologist, I do much more than
give the weather report on TV! We study
the weather. Or more exactly, we study
the causes of weather and I predict or
forecast the weather using charts, maps,
and computer models. Meteorologists
can work in several different places,
for example, some work for the
government weather service and some
are in the airline industry. As well, we
can work as consultants for a wide
range of businesses.
Moderator:  So, what do you enjoy about
your work?
Adrianne:  Mmm, a number of things. First
of all, I think the weather is incredibly

interesting, especially unusual weather
events like thunderstorms and
typhoons. I also love the challenge of
predicting the weather accurately. And
above all, I feel Im doing something

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useful because weather forecasts help
everyone in several different ways,
for example, a farmer will be able to
protect his crops, and a mother will be
able to put an umbrella in her childs
school bag.
Moderator:  Thats for sure. Thank you very
much, Adrianne. Now, lets welcome
our second guest Richard Lewis. Ill let
him tell you what he does. Richard?
Richard:  Hello everyone. Well, Adriannes
work focuses on the sky, and my work
is under the sea. Im a SCUBA diving
instructor, and Im working now at a

dive center at the Red Sea in Egypt.
Moderator:  So, Richard can you tell us what
you actually do in a working day?
Richard:  As a diving instructor of course
I spend a lot of time underwater
with my students, but thats not all
I do. I also plan dive trips, prepare
the equipment, and teach about
the underwater environment. Most
importantly, I demonstrate all the
skills my students will definitely need
to be safe when theyre diving, so
that they dont get into dangerous or
frightening situations. In fact, my job
can be hard work with long days. And
on top of that, it can be stressful as Im
responsible for the divers safety in the
water.
Moderator:  So, can you tell us what is
enjoyable about your work?
Richard:  Sure. Students often say to me,
Wow, you have the best job in the
world, and I agree. Im able to meet
people from all over the world and I
love sharing my passion for marine life.
Most of all, its great helping students
develop their knowledge of the sea,
improve their skills, and gain selfconfidence.
Moderator:  Thank you, Richard. Ok
everyone, now that youve heard from

two people who have interesting jobs
they love, you are welcome to ask
questions
Track 29

1  I also love the challenge of predicting
the weather accurately. And above
all, I feel Im doing something useful
because weather forecasts help everyone
in several different ways.
2  In fact, my job can be hard work with
long days. And on top of that, it can
be stressful as Im responsible for the
divers safety in the water.
Photocopiable

3  Meteorologists can work in several
different places, for example, some work
for the government weather service and
some are in the airline industry. As well,
we can work as consultants for a wide
range of businesses.
4  I also plan dive trips, prepare the
equipment, and teach about the
underwater environment. Most
importantly, I demonstrate all the skills
my students will definitely need to be
safe when theyre diving.
5  Im able to meet people from all
over the world and I love sharing my

passion for marine life. Most of all, its
great helping students develop their
knowledge of the sea, improve their
skills, and gain self-confidence.
Track 30

1  As a university professor, I teach classes
three days a week, but thats not all I do.
I also prepare lectures, correct students
homework, and attend meetings.
2  In my job I write sales reports, order
supplies, and most importantly, visit
my customers.
3  I am so busy this week. I have two
exams, three reports to write, a meeting
with my English professor, and on top
of that, I have to work every night at the
restaurant.
4  What do I love about my job? Let me
see my work is really interesting, I
have weekends free, my office is near
my home, and above all, my colleagues
are very friendly.
Track 31

Job skills for the future
Moderator:  Good afternoon everyone. I
hope you found Adrianne and Richard
inspiring. In this next session were
going to focus on the job market of

the future. Were lucky to have as our
guest speaker Dr. Audrey Chen who
is a consultant for the Future Forward
Foundation. Please welcome Dr. Chen.
Dr. Chen:  Thank you. Id like to talk to you
today about my passion: work in the
coming years. Now, one important
thing to remember is that the idea of
one job for life is going to disappear. In
fact, its already becoming history. This
is true in several countries, like Japan,
where a few years ago, most workers
expected to have one job their whole
working life.

Audioscript
Young people like you will most likely
have eight to ten jobs in your adult life.
Thats right, youll probably change
your job every four to five years. One
reason for this is that many jobs will
become out of date or unnecessary,
because of technology. I know that
sounds a little frightening and stressful,
but the good news is that many
new jobs will be created. Heres an
interesting fact for you: 65% of children
born today will have jobs that dont
exist yet.
So, what does all this mean for you? It

means youll definitely need new skills
to help you survive in the job market
of the future. So, heres my forecast
for five job skills that will help you be
successful in the next twenty years.
First, youll need what I call sensemaking. This is the ability to figure out
the deeper meaning, or importance,
of information. Our computers will
be able to give us more and more
information, but we will have to be able
to use this data to make good, effective
decisions.
Next, youre going to need social
intelligence. As our world becomes
more and more globalized, you will
have to work with large groups of
people in different settingsboth
physical settings, for example in offices,
and virtual settings, such as email. That
will involve the ability to work well
with people, and to adapt or change
your behavior according to the setting.
Third, successful workers will definitely
need very strong cross-cultural skills.
Workers will move around much more
and they will need to feel comfortable
and confident wherever they are, in
Saudi Arabia, the United States, Japan.
You will have to see beyond peoples
cultural differences, working styles, and

ways of thinking.
Fourth, most workers within the next
ten to twenty years will need to have
new-media literacy. In other words, they
must have the ability and confidence
to use new media like wikis, blogs, and
podcasts, to create and present their
own audio and visual information.
Paper will possibly be a thing of the
past within the next 15-20 years.
Finally, successful future workers will
have to be multi-specialists, so that
they can work in several different jobs.
People will need a deep understanding

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in one field, but have a good general
knowledge of a wider range of work
fields. This will force people to go on
learning far beyond the years of formal
education. Workers in the future will

have to be life-long learners.
So, there you have five important work
skills for the future. Just remember,
when it comes to preparing for your
career, the future starts now. Thank you.
Track 32

1  Were lucky to have as our guest speaker
Dr. Audrey Chen who is a consultant
for the Future Forward Foundation.
Please welcome Dr. Chen.
2  Heres my forecast of five job skills that
will help you be successful in the next
twenty years.
3  So, there you have five important work
skills for the future.
Track 33

So, heres my forecast of five job skills
that will help you be successful in the
next twenty years.
First, youll need what I call sensemaking. This is the ability to figure out
the deeper meaning, or importance,
of information. Our computers will
be able to give us more and more
information, but we will have to be able
to use this data to make good, effective
decisions.
Next, youre going to need social
intelligence. As our world becomes

more and more globalized, you will
have to work with large groups of
people in different settingsboth
physical settings, for example in offices,
and virtual settings, such as email. That
will involve the ability to work well
with people, and to adapt or change
your behavior according to the setting.
Third, successful workers will definitely
need very strong cross-cultural skills.
Workers will move around much more
and they will need to feel comfortable
and confident wherever they are, in
Saudi Arabia, the United States, Japan.
You will have to see beyond peoples
cultural differences, working styles, and
ways of thinking.

Photocopiable

Audioscript

Fourth, most workers within the next
ten to twenty years will need to have
new-media literacy. In other words, they
must have the ability and confidence
to use new media like wikis, blogs, and
podcasts, to create and present their
own audio and visual information.
Paper will possibly be a thing of the

past within the next 15-20 years.
Finally, successful future workers will
have to be multi-specialists, so that
they can work in several different jobs.
People will need a deep understanding
in one field, but have a good general
knowledge of a wider range of work
fields. This will force people to go on
learning far beyond the years of formal
education. Workers in the future will
have to be life-long learners.
So, there you have five important work
skills for the future. Just remember,
when it comes to preparing for your
career, the future starts now. Thank you.
Track 34

Osman:  Good afternoon, Im Osman from
Future Perfect Job Finders, and today
I want to talk to you about interesting
jobs for you. First, Im going to mention
the type of jobs we have available, then
Ill cover some details about the job and
the type of people were looking for.
Track 35

1  As well, we can work as consultants for
a wide range of businesses.
2  In fact, my job can be hard work with
long days.

3  In this next session were going to focus
on the job market of the future.
4  Id like to talk to you today about my
passion.
5  I know that sounds a little frightening
and stressful, but the good news is that
many new jobs will be created.
6  First, youll need what I call sensemaking.

Skillful Level 1 Digibook. This page is photocopiable, but all copies must be complete pages.
Copyright © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012.

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