Multiple choice questions on Professional ethics

b. The responsibility of an organisation to fulfil its economic, social and environmental obligations to all of its stakeholders

7. Why is the sustainability debate so important?

1. Because it is inclusive of all species
2. Because it excludes some species
3. Because it is specifically about organisation survival
4. Because it relates only to human beings

Answer: 

a. Because it is inclusive of all species

8. What are some of the elements of a transformational sustainability strategy?

1. It is ecocentric, eco-efficient, with 5Rs – rethink, reinvent, redesign, redirect and recover
2. It is anthropocentric, eco-effective, with 5Rs – rethink, reinvent, redesign, redirect and recover
3. It is ecocentric, eco-effective with 5Rs – reduce, reuse, repair, recycle and regulate
4. It is ecocentric, eco-effective with 5Rs – rethink, reinvent, redesign, redirect and recover

Answer: 

d. It is ecocentric, eco-effective with 5Rs – rethink, reinvent, redesign, redirect and recover

9. What are Organisational Values?

1. Rules imposed by the Management Team
2. Beliefs or guiding principles that are core to the organisation and help steer the right actions
3. The collective value of the organisation’s assets
4. A statement setting out the organisation’s strategy

Answer:

b. Beliefs or guiding principles that are core to the organisation and help steer the right actions

10. Why is HRM in a good position to integrate ethics, justice, CSR and sustainability into organisations?

Ethics Multiple Choice Questions

1. Ethics is the science of :
A. beauty

B. truth

C. conduct

D. mind

Answer: C. conduct

2. The word “ethics” is derived from the Greek word :
A. ethos

B. ethies

C. ethees

D. ethise

Answer: A. ethos

3. Ethos means:
A. conduct

B. customs

C. character

D. good

Answer: C. character

4. The word mores means:
A. conduct

B. customs

C. character

D. good

Answer: B. customs

5. The term Right is derived from the Latin
A. ritus

B. ritchus

C. rectus

D. rightss

Answer: C. rectus

6. Rectus means:
A. straight

B. direct

C. correct

D. good

Answer: A. straight

7. The term Good is connected with the German term:
A. goto

B. gutte

C. gud

D. gut

Answer: D. gut

8. Ethics is a————————science.
A. positive

B. applied

C. normative

D. systematic

Answer: C. normative

9. Normative science deals with:
A. standards

B. facts

C. judgements

D. none of these

Answer: A. standards

10. Aesthetics deals with the standard of:
A. beauty

B. truth

C. goodness

D. conduct

Answer: A. beauty

11. Ethics deals with the standard of:
A. beauty

B. truth

C. goodness

D. fact

Answer: C. goodness

12. Logic deals with the norm of:
A. beauty

B. truth

C. goodness

D. conduct

Answer: B. truth

13. Positive science concerned with:
A. facts

B. norms

C. standards

D. rules

Answer: A. facts

14. ‘Ethics is neither a practical science nor an art’, This assertion is:
A. wrong

B. correct

C. neither right nor wrong

D. none of these

Answer: B. correct

15. Truth, Beauty, and ————-are considered as the principles of philosophy.
A. fact

B. goodness

C. conduct

D. none of these

Answer: B. goodness

16. The applied dimension of Ethics is known as:
A. applied ethics

B. normative ethics

C. meta ethics

D. none of these

Answer: A. applied ethics

17. —————- deals with logical and semantic questions like ‘What do we mean by “freedom” and “determinism”
A. applied ethics

B. normative ethics

C. practical ethics

D. meta ethics

Answer: D. meta ethics

18. Ethics determines rightness or wrongness of——————-
A. human actions

B. human thought

C. human judgements

D. none of these

Answer: A. human actions

19. When we a say that conduct is right, we mean primarily that;
A. it is according to truth

B. it is according to rule

C. it is according to law

D. none of these

Answer: B. it is according to rule

20. A thing is generally said to be good when it is valuable for
A. some end.

B. some practice

C. some action

D. some facts

Answer: A. some end.

21. Positive science deals with judgments of facts while ethics is concerned with judgments of:
A. beauty

B. truth

C. thought

D. value

Answer: D. value

22. Logic deals with the correctness of
A. thought

B. conduct

C. perception

D. intuition

Answer: A. thought

23. Ethics deals with the correctness of
A. conduct

B. thought

C. perception

D. intuition

Answer: A. conduct

24. —————— is not a normative discipline.
A. ethics

B. logic

C. metaphysics

D. aesthetics

Answer: C. metaphysics

25. Ethics deals with the standards to describe————————
A. good and evil

B. true and false

C. right and good

D. all of these

Answer: C. right and good

26. Ethics is concerned the ——————- to judge human conduct
A. standards

B. facts

C. objects

D. all of these

Answer: A. standards

27. Logic, Ethic and Aesthetics- these three sciences are essentially ——————-
A. positive

B. intuitive

C. cognate

D. none of these

Answer: C. cognate

28. Ethics investigates the nature of its fundamental notions like right, duty and ———
A. beauty

B. good

C. thought

D. none of these

Answer: B. good

29. Ethics considers the ———— of goodness.
A. standard

B. fact

C. object

D. all of these

Answer: A. standard

30. Morality consists of goodness, which is really an ————- end
A. effective

B. intrinsic

C. instrumental

D. teleogical

Answer: B. intrinsic

31. —————is a collective name for voluntary actions:
A. virtue

B. conduct

C. desire

D. will

Answer: B. conduct

32. ——————–is a sense of longing for a person or object or hoping for an outcome.
A. wish

B. instinct

C. tendency

D. desire

Answer: D. desire

33. ‘Human desire is the fundamental motivation of all human action’. Whose view is this?
A. hobbes

B. mathew arnold

C. mcdougall

D. mackenzie

Answer: A. hobbes

34. Consciousness of ———-is called an appetite.
A. a wish

B. a desire

C. a motive

D. an organic need

Answer: D. an organic need

35. Who defines an instinct as an inherited psycho physical disposition?
A. hobbes

B. mathew arnold

C. mcdougall

D. mackenzie

Answer: C. mcdougall

36. The desires that predominate or continue to be effective is called:
A. wish

B. will

C. instinct

D. none of these

Answer: A. wish

37. ————- a conscious mental process which moves a man to act in a particular way.
A. wish

B. will

C. instinct

D. motive

Answer: D. motive

38. The term intention corresponds the term:
A. desire

B. purpose

C. instinct

D. none of these

Answer: B. purpose

39. The whole willed scheme of action, which is anticipated by the doer is called:
A. desire

B. purpose

C. instinct

D. intention.

Answer: D. intention.

40. According to Mackenzie the formal intention means the ——————-embodied in fact
A. principle

B. purpose

C. instinct

D. action

Answer: A. principle

41. The particular result as a realised fact is:
A. remote intention

B. formal intention

C. immediate intention

D. material intention

Answer: D. material intention

42. The remote intention of an act is sometimes called:
A. motive

B. purpose

C. instinct

D. action

Answer: A. motive

43. “The motive means, of course, what moves us or causes us to act in a particular way”. Who asserted this?
A. mcdougall

B. hobbes

C. mackenzie

D. mathew arnold

Answer: C. mackenzie

44. A person’s conduct corresponding to his ———————
A. motive

B. habit

C. character

D. action

Answer: C. character

45. Desire is a sense of longing of a person for —————-
A. an end

B. a action

C. an outcome

D. none of these

Answer: C. an outcome

46. Hobbes asserted that human desire is the ———————– of all human action.
A. fundamental intention

B. fundamental nature

C. fundamental character

D. fundamental motivation

Answer: D. fundamental motivation

47. An intention which the agent does not definitely avows to himself is called:
A. remote intention

B. formal intention

C. unconscious intention

D. conscious intention

Answer: C. unconscious intention

48. When a man acts blindly without considering the end or result of his action. Such actions is called:
A. impulsive action

B. voluntary action

C. organic actions

D. none of these

Answer: A. impulsive action

49. A motive is ——————– mental process
A. an intuitive

B. a conscious

C. an unconscious

D. an immediate

Answer: B. a conscious

50. Sucking of the thump by a child is a:
A. impulsive action

B. involuntary action

C. habitual action

D. none of these

Answer: C. habitual action

51. McDougall defines an instinct as ———————- psycho physical disposition
A. an inherited

B. an intentional

C. an immediate

D. an effective

Answer: A. an inherited
52. Human beings share some kinds of needs with the lower animals and even with plants are called:
A. natural needs

B. organic needs

C. immediate needs

D. none of these

Answer: B. organic needs
53. —————-is the general term for the theories that regards happiness
A. intuitionism

B. hedonism

C. emotivism

D. eudemonism

Answer: B. hedonism
54. Hedonism the term derives from the Greek word :
A. hedone

B. hedine

C. hedon

D. hedoine

Answer: A. hedone
55. Hedone means:
A. happy

B. good

C. delight

D. pleasure

Answer: C. delight

56. Hedonism is a school of thought that argues that ————- is the only intrinsic good.
A. pleasure

B. virtue

C. justice

D. freedom

Answer: A. pleasure
57. According to the nature of seeking pleasure hedonism can be divided broadly in to Psychological
hedonism and ———————-
A. physiological hedonism

B. natural hedonism

C. ethical hedonism

D. none of the above

Answer: C. ethical hedonism
58. Men always seeks pleasure-this position is known as:
A. psychological hedonism

B. natural hedonism

C. ethical hedonism

D. none of the above

Answer: A. psychological hedonism
59. Man ought to seeks pleasure, the position is known as:
A. ethical hedonism

B. psychological hedonism

C. . natural hedonism

D. none of the above

Answer: A. ethical hedonism
60. Each man seeks, or ought to seek, is his own pleasure, this type of ethical hedonism is called:
A. universal ethical hedonism

B. utilitarianism

C. egoistic ethical hedonism

D. none of these

Answer: C. egoistic ethical hedonism

61. The theory which holds that the right action is the one that produces the greatest happiness
for all is:
A. universal ethical hedonism

B. psychological hedonism

C. egoistic ethical hedonism

D. none of these

Answer: A. universal ethical hedonism
62. The most influential contributor to Universal ethical hedonism is:
A. kant

B. sidgwick

C. butler

D. john stuart mill

Answer: D. john stuart mill
63. Universalistic Ethical Hedonism is also known as:
A. hedonism

B. universalism

C. utilitarianism

D. none of these

Answer: C. utilitarianism
64. Utilitarian school having the slogan:
A. the greatest happiness of the individual

B. the greatest happiness of greatest number

C. the happiness of all

D. the happiness of greatest number

Answer: B. the greatest happiness of greatest number
65. The ——————— is a method of counting the amount of pleasure and pain that would likely
be caused by different actions.
A. utility calculus

B. universal calculus

C. idealistic calculus

D. hedonistic calculus

Answer: D. hedonistic calculus
66. The Hedonic Calculus is a method of counting the amount of ——————- that would likely
be caused by different actions.
A. pleasure and pain

B. result

C. virtue

D. none of these

Answer: A. pleasure and pain

67. Who introduced the method of hedonic calculus?
A. kant

B. sidgwick

C. bentham

D. john stuart mill

Answer: C. bentham
68. —————- refers to the likelihood that the pleasure or pain will occur
A. certainty

B. purity

C. propinquity

D. intensity

Answer: A. certainty
69. ——————— refers to how long away the pleasure or pain is.
A. certainty

B. purity

C. propinquity

D. intensity

Answer: C. propinquity
70. ———————– refers to the likelihood of the pleasure or pain leading to more of the same
sensation.
A. certainty

B. fecundity

C. propinquity

D. intensity

Answer: B. fecundity
71. ————- refers to the likelihood of the pleasure or pain leading to some of the opposite
sensation.
A. certainty

B. purity

C. propinquity

D. intensity

Answer: B. purity
72. ————– refers to the number of people the pleasure or pain is likely to affect.
A. certainty

B. purity

C. propinquity

D. extent

Answer: D. extent

73. —————– refers to the felt strength of the pleasure or pain.
A. certainty

B. purity

C. propinquity

D. intensity

Answer: D. intensity
74. ————– refers to how long the pleasure or pain are felt for.
A. certainty

B. duration

C. propinquity

D. intensity

Answer: B. duration
75. Hedonic Calculus of Bentham is a ———————– calculus.
A. five point

B. eight point

C. nine point

D. seven point

Answer: D. seven point

76. The hedonism which, focuses the quantity of the pleasure, rather than the quality is called:
A. quantitative hedonism.

B. qualitative hedonism

C. universal hedonism

D. none of these

Answer: A. quantitative hedonism.
77. Bentham’s version of hedonism is known as:
A. quantitative hedonism.

B. qualitative hedonism

C. universal hedonism

D. none of these

Answer: A. quantitative hedonism.
78. J. S. Mill’s version of hedonism is known as:
A. quantitative hedonism.

B. qualitative hedonism

C. universal hedonism

D. none of these

Answer: B. qualitative hedonism
79. Mill argues that ——————– are superior to physical forms of pleasure.
A. moral pleasures

B. emotional pleasure

C. material pleasure

D. none of these

Answer: A. moral pleasures
80. Mill made —————- separation of pleasures.
A. quantitative

B. qualitative

C. psychological

D. none of these

Answer: B. qualitative

81. Mill argued that pleasures could vary in:
A. duration

B. quantity

C. intensity

D. quality

Answer: D. quality
82. According to J.S. Mill Lower pleasures are those associated with the:
A. body

B. mind

C. soul

D. intellect

Answer: A. body
83. According to J.S. Mill higher pleasures are those associated with the:
A. body

B. mind

C. soul

D. intellect

Answer: B. mind
84. According to J.S. Mill ————–pleasures are those associated with the mind
A. higher

B. lower

C. quantitative

D. none of these

Answer: A. higher
85. According to J.S. Mill —————- pleasures are those associated with the body.
A. higher

B. lower

C. quantitative

D. none of these

Answer: B. lower

86. Mill justified ———————– pleasures are more valuable than bodily pleasures.
A. emotional

B. instinctive

C. intellectual

D. none of these

Answer: C. intellectual
87. Mill’s theory of Hedonism focuses on the quality of the pleasure, rather than the quantity, so it is
called:
A. egoistic hedonism

B. ethical hedonism

C. qualitative hedonism.

D. quantitative hedonism

Answer: C. qualitative hedonism.
88. Laws of ———— can be violated but cannot be changed
A. nature

B. constitution

C. ethics

D. none of these

Answer: C. ethics
89. The laws of ethics can be violated but cannot be —————-
A. changed

B. obliged

C. explained

D. described

Answer: A. changed
90. According to Immanuel Kant the moral law is known —————.
A. empirically

B. practically

C. intuitively

D. intellectually

Answer: C. intuitively
91. According to Immanuel Kant moral law is:
A. a priori

B. a posteriori

C. empirical

D. none of these

Answer: A. a priori

92. According to Immanuel Kant moral law is:
A. empirical

B. self evident

C. intellectual

D. none of these

Answer: B. self evident
93. According to Kant the moral law is a:
A. assertorial imperative

B. conditional imperative

C. categorical imperative

D. none of these

Answer: C. categorical imperative
94. According to Kant a natural law is:
A. unconditional

B. categorical

C. assertorial

D. none of these

Answer: C. assertorial
95. Kant argues that Categorical Imperative is the ——————- it applies to all persons.
A. universal moral law

B. universal natural law

C. conditional moral law

D. none of these

Answer: A. universal moral law
96. According to Kant —————– is the fundamental postulate of morality.
A. freedom of the will

B. freedom of the judgment

C. freedom of the intellect

D. none of these

Answer: A. freedom of the will
97. ‘Freewill is implied by morality’ Who argues this?
A. sidgwick

B. john stuart mill

C. bentham

D. kant

Answer: D. kant

98. Kant’s ethical doctrine is called:
A. hedonism

B. utilitarianism

C. intuitionalism

D. formalism

Answer: D. formalism
99. Kant’s ethical theory is called:
A. teleology

B. deontology

C. axiology

D. none of these

Answer: B. deontology
100. Kant assumes that ——————— are the only two motives of actions.
A. freedom and duty

B. duty and self-interest

C. duty and good will

D. none of these

Answer: B. duty and self-interest

101. According to Kant duty as the fundamental concept of ethics, this view is called:
A. teleology

B. deontology

C. concequntalism

D. none of these

Answer: B. deontology
102. Self- realisation is the highest good, this notion is known called:
A. perfectionism

B. utilitarianism

C. hedonism

D. none of these

Answer: A. perfectionism
103. The Greek term eudemonia means:
A. perfection

B. goodness

C. happiness

D. virtue

Answer: C. happiness
104. Perfectionism is also called:
A. intuitionism

B. eudemonism

C. formalism

D. hedonism

Answer: B. eudemonism
105. ‘My station and its Duties’ is related with:
A. sidgwick

B. f. h. bradley

C. bentham

D. kant

Answer: B. f. h. bradley

106. ‘Ones duties relate to his own station in life’ Who argues this?
A. sidgwick

B. bentham

C. f. h. bradley

D. kant

Answer: C. f. h. bradley
107. According to F. H. Bradley, performance of duties appropriate to ones station will leads to :
A. perfection

B. happiness

C. pleasure

D. self- realisation

Answer: D. self- realisation
108. F. H. Bradley argues that each member has a particular station in society determined by his
peculiar
A. talent

B. happiness

C. virtue

D. none of these

Answer: A. talent
109. ‘His duties are determined by his station in society’, Who said this?
A. sidgwick

B. bentham

C. f. h. bradley

D. kant

Answer: C. f. h. bradley
110. F. H. Bradley asserts that, society is a———————-
A. social organism

B. moral organism

C. cultural organism

D. none of these

Answer: B. moral organism

111. According to F. H. Bradley different —————– are organs of the moral organism
A. communities

B. sects

C. individuals

D. none of these

Answer: C. individuals
112. The highest personal good is in harmony with the highest social good. – Who claims this
notion?
A. sidgwick

B. f. h. bradley

C. bentham

D. kant

Answer: B. f. h. bradley
113. F. H. Bradley claims that ————— is never possible apart from society.
A. liberation

B. happiness

C. existence

D. self-realization

Answer: D. self-realization
114. According to F. H. Bradley personal morality apart from social morality is an ———
A. abstraction

B. imperfection

C. intuitional

D. none of these

Answer: A. abstraction
115. Bradley means by self-realization, realization of the:
A. infinite self

B. finite self

C. life

D. none of these

Answer: A. infinite self
116. Bradley argues that morality is :
A. subjective

B. individualistic

C. personal

D. objective

Answer: D. objective

117. The hedonism of Herbert Spencer is called:
A. evolutionary hedonism

B. qualitative hedonism

C. quantitative hedonism

D. universalistic hedonism

Answer: A. evolutionary hedonism
118. ‘Data of Ethics’ is related with:
A. sidgwick

B. f. h. bradley

C. bentham

D. spencer

Answer: D. spencer
119. Herbert Spencer deduces moral laws from:
A. natural laws

B. biological laws

C. sociological laws

D. none of these

Answer: B. biological laws
120. Who deduces hedonism from the law of biological evolution?
A. sidgwick

B. f. h. bradley

C. spencer

D. kant

Answer: C. spencer
121. Spencer deduces hedonism from the law of:
A. sociological evolution

B. natural evolution

C. biological evolution

D. universal evolution

Answer: C. biological evolution
122. Morality is a product of evolution- Who holds this view?
A. spencer

B. f. h. bradley

C. bentham

D. kant

Answer: A. spencer

123. Spencer defines —————- as the adjustment of acts to ends.
A. good will

B. freedom

C. conduct

D. virtue

Answer: C. conduct
124. ‘Pleasure in an index of increase of life; pain is an index of decrease of life’ Who advocates this
view?
A. sidgwick

B. f. h. bradley

C. spencer

D. kant

Answer: C. spencer
125. ‘Pleasure-giving acts are life-sustaining; pain-giving acts are life-destroying’- Who holds this
position?
A. sidgwick

B. f. h. bradley

C. kant

D. herbert spencer

Answer: D. herbert spencer

126. Thus pleasure is both ——————- and ethically good.
A. biologically

B. naturally

C. empirically

D. none of these

Answer: A. biologically
127. According to Herbert Spencer Self-preservation and race- preservation are the ultimate ends of
————————-
A. natural evolution

B. sociological evolution

C. biological evolution

D. political evolution

Answer: C. biological evolution
128. Spencer distinguishes between Absolute ethics and——————-
A. relative ethics

B. ultimate ethics

C. intuitive ethics

D. none of these

Answer: A. relative ethics
129. Spencer argues that Relative ethics deals with relative morality in ————–society.
A. a perfect

B. an imperfect

C. good

D. bad

Answer: B. an imperfect
130. Spencer argues that absolute ethics deals with the absolute morality in ———society
A. a perfect

B. an imperfect

C. good

D. bad

Answer: A. a perfect

131. ‘To realise the completely rational universe is to realize the true self’, Who holds this view?
A. sidgwick

B. f. h. bradley

C. spencer

D. t. h. green

Answer: D. t. h. green
132. T. H. Green holds that there is a ———————– in nature.
A. natural principle

B. spiritual principle

C. cosmic principle

D. none of these

Answer: B. spiritual principle
133. ‘Moral progress is the gradual reproduction of divine perfection in man’- Who holds this view?
A. sidgwick

B. f. h. bradley

C. spencer

D. t. h. green

Answer: D. t. h. green
134. Butler’s ethical position is called as:
A. hedonism

B. perfectionism

C. naturalism

D. intuitionism

Answer: D. intuitionism
135. Bishop Butler regarded —————–as the highest principle in human nature.
A. good will

B. conscience

C. soul

D. freedom

Answer: B. conscience

136. According to Butler Conscience is:
A. conditional

B. flexible

C. categorical

D. none of these

Answer: C. categorical
137. “Man is a law to himself”. Who asserts this?
A. sidgwick

B. f. h. bradley

C. spencer

D. butler

Answer: D. butler
138. Rogers calls Butler’s doctrine as:
A. autonomic intuitionism.

B. autonomic empiricism

C. autonomic positivism

D. autonomic expressionism

Answer: A. autonomic intuitionism.
139. Hennery Sidgwick’s ethical position is known as:
A. intuitional utilitarianism

B. rational utilitarianism

C. qualitative utilitarianism

D. none of the above

Answer: B. rational utilitarianism
140. Sidgwick holds that —————is the only intrinsic value.
A. pleasure

B. virtue

C. good will

D. freedom

Answer: A. pleasure
141. Sidgwick considers knowledge, beauty, and virtue are:
A. ends of pleasure

B. means to pleasure

C. pleasure itself

D. none of these

Answer: B. means to pleasure

142. Rights are ——————-of individuals recognised by society
A. obligation

B. moral claims

C. moral freedom

D. none of these

Answer: B. moral claims
143. Duties are ——————– of individuals recognised by society
A. obligations

B. moral claims

C. moral freedom

D. none of these

Answer: A. obligations
144. Right is a:
A. claim

B. need

C. justifiable claim

D. none of these

Answer: C. justifiable claim
145. Duties are :
A. obligations

B. moral claims

C. moral freedom

D. moral obligations

Answer: D. moral obligations
146. ———- are indispensible for the realization of the highest good and common good.
A. duties

B. moral rights

C. virtue

D. desire

Answer: B. moral rights
147. Rights and duties are:
A. contradictory to each other

B. opposed to each other

C. correlative to each other

D. none of these

Answer: C. correlative to each other

148. The first right of man is:
A. the right to live

B. the right to freedom

C. the right to property

D. the right to education

Answer: A. the right to live
149. The sacredness of life should be recognised in:
A. right to live

B. right to freedom

C. right to property

D. right to education

Answer: A. right to live
150. ‘Rights of property are essentially personal’- Who hold this position?
A. kant

B. mill

C. hegel

D. butler

Answer: C. hegel

151. Right to employment should be recognised by every———————–
A. state

B. developed country

C. welfare state

D. none of these

Answer: C. welfare state
152. The right of contract necessarily arises out of the —————–
A. right of live

B. right of freedom

C. right of property

D. right of education

Answer: C. right of property
153. “Thou shall not kill”- the maxim related with:
A. respect for life

B. respect for freedom

C. respect for property

D. respect for truth

Answer: A. respect for life
154. “Be a person and respect others as persons”- assertion is related with:
A. kant

B. j.s. mill

C. hegel

D. butler

Answer: C. hegel
155. We should keep our promises and fulfil our contracts- related with:
A. respect for life

B. respect for freedom

C. respect for property

D. respect for truth

Answer: D. respect for truth

156. We should maintain the social system to which we belong. We should not revolt against the
State and produce chaos.- related with:
A. respect for life

B. respect for freedom

C. respect for property

D. respect for society

Answer: D. respect for society
157. We should cultivate fellow feelings- Related with:
A. respect for world harmony

B. respect for life

C. respect for freedom

D. respect for property

Answer: A. respect for world harmony
158. Virtue the term have a Latin root ——- a. vour b. vir c. veer d. vor
169. ‘vir’ means:
A. perfect

B. good

C. man or hero

D. leader or saint

Answer: B. good
159. Duties of imperfect obligation are called:
A. virtues

B. good

C. vice

D. none of these

Answer: A. virtues
160. Duties are turned into virtues by ———-.
A. habit

B. culture

C. practice

D. none of these

Answer: A. habit

161. Virtue denotes a ——————–
A. character

B. morals

C. good character

D. goodness

Answer: C. good character
162. —————is the excellence of character
A. morality

B. goodness

C. virtue

D. none of these

Answer: C. virtue
163. Virtue is the habit of deliberate choice of:
A. right actions

B. morality

C. actions

D. moral principles

Answer: A. right actions
164. ————— is the habit of deliberate choice of wrong actions
A. morality

B. goodness

C. virtue

D. vice

Answer: D. vice
165. ———– is expressed in the commission of sins
A. virtue

B. vice

C. goodness

D. merit

Answer: B. vice
166. ‘Virtue is a permanent state of mind’ Who holds this position?
A. kant

B. j.s. mill

C. socrates

D. aristotle

Answer: D. aristotle

167. “virtue is knowledge”- related with:
A. kant

B. j.s. mill

C. socrates

D. aristotle

Answer: C. socrates
168. Cardinal virtues – related with:
A. plato

B. j.s. mill

C. socrates

D. aristotle

Answer: A. plato
169. Which of the following is not a Cardinal virtue?
A. wisdom

B. courage

C. temperance

D. goodness

Answer: D. goodness
170. ——————–comprehends all cardinal virtues.
A. wisdom

B. courage

C. temperance

D. justice

Answer: D. justice
171. According to Plato Wisdom is the special virtue of the —————-
A. ruling class

B. fighting class

C. traders

D. common class

Answer: A. ruling class
172. According to Plato courage is the special virtue of the —————-
A. ruling class

B. fighting class

C. traders

D. common class

Answer: B. fighting class

173. According to Plato ————- is the special virtue of the traders
A. temperance

B. wisdom

C. courage

D. justice

Answer: A. temperance
174. “Virtue is the habit of choosing the relative mean” Who holds this view?
A. kant

B. j.s. mill

C. socrates

D. aristotle

Answer: D. aristotle
175. Who made the distinction between intellectual virtue and moral virtue?
A. kant

B. j.s. mill

C. socrates

D. aristotle

Answer: D. aristotle

176. According to Aristotle the ————– belongs to the rational soul
A. intellectual virtue

B. moral virtue

C. virtue

D. none of these

Answer: A. intellectual virtue
177. Aristotle divides justice into two; one is distributive justice and the other is:
A. corrective justice

B. corrective justice

C. supreme justice

D. none of these

Answer: A. corrective justice
178. The aim of ————- theory of punishment is to prevent or deter others from committing
similar offences.
A. reformative

B. retributive

C. deterrent

D. none of these

Answer: C. deterrent
179. ———— theory justifies capital punishment
A. reformative

B. reflective

C. deterrent

D. none of these

Answer: D. none of these
180. The aim of punishment is to educate the offender himself- this theory of punishment is called:
A. reformative

B. retributive

C. deterrent

D. none of these

Answer: A. reformative

181. The punishment theory which is supported by criminology is:
A. retributive

B. reformative

C. deterrent

D. none of these

Answer: B. reformative
182. The theory which not justify capital punishment is:
A. reformative

B. retributive

C. deterrent

D. none of these

Answer: A. reformative

183. ‘Eye for an eye’,- ‘tooth for a tooth’,- is the motto of :
A. retributive theory

B. reformative theory

C. deterrent theory

D. none of these

Answer: A. retributive theory

184. The right which justify the Capital punishment is:
A. right to freedom

B. right to property

C. right to live

D. right to contract

Answer: C. right to live

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