Hướng dẫn break outer loop python

Question

Not as elegant as it should be

Photo by Johannes Plenio on Unsplash

We all know that Python is an elegant programming language. But everything has weaknesses. Sometimes Python is not as elegant as it should be.

For example, when we need to break out of nested loops as follows:

for a in list_a:
    for b in list_b:
        if condition(a,b)…

Is there an easier way to break out of nested loops than throwing an exception? (In Perl, you can give labels to each loop and at least continue an outer loop.)

for x in range(10):
    for y in range(10):
        print x*y
        if x*y > 50:
            "break both loops"

I.e., is there a nicer way than:

class BreakIt(Exception): pass

try:
    for x in range(10):
        for y in range(10):
            print x*y
            if x*y > 50:
                raise BreakIt
except BreakIt:
    pass

asked Mar 17, 2009 at 9:24

Michael KuhnMichael Kuhn

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3

for x in xrange(10):
    for y in xrange(10):
        print x*y
        if x*y > 50:
            break
    else:
        continue  # only executed if the inner loop did NOT break
    break  # only executed if the inner loop DID break

The same works for deeper loops:

for x in xrange(10):
    for y in xrange(10):
        for z in xrange(10):
            print x,y,z
            if x*y*z == 30:
                break
        else:
            continue
        break
    else:
        continue
    break

Bob Stein

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answered Mar 17, 2009 at 12:27

Markus JarderotMarkus Jarderot

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17

It has at least been suggested, but also rejected. I don't think there is another way, short of repeating the test or re-organizing the code. It is sometimes a bit annoying.

In the rejection message, Mr van Rossum mentions using return, which is really sensible and something I need to remember personally. :)

answered Mar 17, 2009 at 9:27

3

If you're able to extract the loop code into a function, a return statement can be used to exit the outermost loop at any time.

def foo():
    for x in range(10):
        for y in range(10):
            print(x*y)
            if x*y > 50:
                return
foo()

If it's hard to extract that function you could use an inner function, as @bjd2385 suggests, e.g.

def your_outer_func():
    ...
    def inner_func():
        for x in range(10):
            for y in range(10):
                print(x*y)
                if x*y > 50:
                    return
    inner_func()
    ...

answered Mar 17, 2009 at 12:37

Mr FoozMr Fooz

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2

Use itertools.product!

from itertools import product
for x, y in product(range(10), range(10)):
    #do whatever you want
    break

Here's a link to itertools.product in the python documentation: http://docs.python.org/library/itertools.html#itertools.product

You can also loop over an array comprehension with 2 fors in it, and break whenever you want to.

>>> [(x, y) for y in ['y1', 'y2'] for x in ['x1', 'x2']]
[
    ('x1', 'y1'), ('x2', 'y1'),
    ('x1', 'y2'), ('x2', 'y2')
]

John R Perry

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answered Oct 26, 2011 at 17:47

Fábio SantosFábio Santos

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5

Sometimes I use a boolean variable. Naive, if you want, but I find it quite flexible and comfortable to read. Testing a variable may avoid testing again complex conditions and may also collect results from several tests in inner loops.

    x_loop_must_break = False
    for x in range(10):
        for y in range(10):
            print x*y
            if x*y > 50:
                x_loop_must_break = True
                break
        if x_loop_must_break: break

answered May 16, 2011 at 20:50

HalberdierHalberdier

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1

If you're going to raise an exception, you might raise a StopIteration exception. That will at least make the intent obvious.

answered Aug 14, 2012 at 0:31

dbndbn

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2

You can also refactor your code to use a generator. But this may not be a solution for all types of nested loops.

answered Mar 17, 2009 at 10:29

J SJ S

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In this particular case, you can merge the loops with a modern python (3.0 and probably 2.6, too) by using itertools.product.

I for myself took this as a rule of thumb, if you nest too many loops (as in, more than 2), you are usually able to extract one of the loops into a different method or merge the loops into one, as in this case.

answered Mar 17, 2009 at 9:58

TethaTetha

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programming python Python continue loop Break outside loop Break Python Nested loop Python

Hướng dẫn break outer loop python

Not as elegant as it should be

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