What is the objective of the facilities and infrastructure integrated product support element?
Lead Authors: Scott Jackson, John Snoderly, Contributing Author: Garry Roedler Show
There are several definitions for logisticslogistics within systems engineeringsystems engineering (SE) and the definition used will determine what activities are considered part of logistics. The SEBoK defines logistics as the science of planning and implementing the acquisition and use of the resources necessary to sustain the operation of a system. OverviewThe ability to sustain the operation of a system is determined by the inherent supportability of the system (a function of design) and the processes used to sustain the functions and capabilities of the system in the context of the end user. Figure 1, below, shows a Defense Acquisition University (DAU) model of the SE aspects for consideration in logistics and logistics planning (DAU 2010). Figure 1. Affordable System Operational Effectiveness (DAU Guidebook 2010). Released by Defense Acquisition University (DAU)/U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). Sustainment PlanningThe focus of sustainmentsustainment planning is to influence the inherent supportability of the system and to plan the sustainment capabilities and processes that will be used to sustain system operations. Influence Inherent Supportability (Operational Suitability)Sustainment influence requires an understanding of the concept of operationsconcept of operations (ConOps), system missionsmissions, mission profiles, and system capabilitiessystem capabilities to understand the rationale behind functional and performance priorities. Understanding the rationale paves the way for decisions about necessary tradeoffs between system performance, availabilityavailability, and life cycle costlife cycle cost (LCC), with impact on the cost effectiveness of system operation, maintenance, and logistics support. There is no single list of sustainment considerations or specific way of grouping them as they are highly inter-related. They include: compatibility, interoperabilityinteroperability, transportability, reliabilityreliability, maintainabilitymaintainability, manpowermanpower, human factorshuman factors, safetysafety, natural environment effects (including occupational health, habitability; see Environmental Engineering); diagnostics & prognostics (including real-time maintenance data collection), and corrosion protection & mitigation. The following are key design considerations:
Planning Sustainment ProcessesProcess efficiency reflects how well the system can be produced, operated, serviced (including fueling) and maintained. It reflects the degree to which the logistics processes (including the supply chain), infrastructure, and footprint have been balanced to provide an agile, deployable, and operationally effective system. Achieving process efficiency requires early and continuing emphasis on the various logistics support processes along with the design considerations. The continued emphasis is important because processes present opportunities for improving operational effectiveness even after the design-in window has passed via lean-six sigma, supply chain optimization, or other continuous process improvement (CPI) techniques. Sustainment Analysis (Product Support Package)The product support package documents the output of supportability analysis and includes details related to the following twelve elements (links below are to excerpts from (NATO RTO 2001):
Sustainment ImplementationOnce the system becomes operational, the results of sustainment planning efforts need to be implemented. SE supports the execution of the twelve integrated product support elements of a sustainment program that strives to ensure the system meets operational performance requirements in the most cost-effective manner over its total remaining life cycle, as illustrated in Figure 2. Figure 2. Sustainment Implementation Illustration (DAU Guidebook 2012). Released by Defense Acquisition University (DAU)/U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). Once a system is put into use, SE is often required to correct problems that degrade continued use, and/or to add new capabilities to improve product performance in the current or a new environment. In the context of integrated product support, these SE activities correspond to the integrated product support (IPS) element Sustaining Engineering. Changes made to fielded systems to correct problems or increase performance should include any necessary adjustments to the IPS elements, and should consider the interrelationships and integration of the elements to maintain the effectiveness of the system’s support strategy. The degree of change required to the product support elements varies with the severity of the problem. Minor problems may require a simple adjustment to a maintenance procedure, a change of supplier, a training course modification or a change to a technical manual. In contrast, problems that require system or component redesign may require engineering change proposals and approvals, IPS element trade studies, business case analysis, and updates to the product support strategy. The focus is to correct problems that degrade continued use, regardless of the degree of severity. Evolutionary systems provide a strategy for acquisition of mature technology; the system delivers capabilities incrementally, planning for future capability enhancements. A system of systemssystem of systems (SoS) perspective is required for these systems to synchronize the primary and sustainment systems. For more information refer to: An Enterprise Framework for Operationally Effective System of Systems Design (Bobinis and Herald 2012.). ReferencesWorks CitedBobinis, J. and T. Herald. 2012. “An enterprise framework for operationally effective system of systems design.” Journal of Enterprise Architecture. Vol. 8, no. 2, May 2012. Available at: https:// www.mendling.com/publications/JEA12-2.pdf. DAU. 2010. Defense Acquisition Guidebook (DAG). Ft. Belvoir, VA, USA: Defense Acquisition University (DAU)/U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). NATO RTO. 2001. Logistics Test and Evaluation in Flight Test. Flight Test Techniques Series – Volume 20. Quebec, Canada: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Research and Technology Organization (RTO). RTO-AG-300 Vol. 20, AC/323(SCI-010)TP/38. Table of contents available at: http://ftp.rta.nato.int/public//PubFullText/RTO/AG/RTO-AG-300-V20///AG-300-V20-$$TOC.pdf Primary ReferencesBlanchard, B.S. 1998. Logistics Engineering and Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall. Blanchard, B. and W. Fabrycky. 2011. Systems Engineering and Analysis, 5th Ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall. Bobinis, J. and T. Herald. 2012. “An enterprise framework for operationally effective system of systems design.” Journal of Enterprise Architecture. Vol. 8, no. 2, May 2012. Available at: https:// www.mendling.com/publications/JEA12-2.pdf. Daganzo, C. 2005. Logistics Systems Analysis, 4th Edition. New York, NY, USA: Springer. Fabrycky, W.J. and B.S. Blanchard. 1991. Life-Cycle Cost and Economic Analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall. Ghiani, G., G. Laporte, and R. Musmanno. 2004. Introduction to Logistics Systems Planning and Control. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley-Interscience. Jones, J.V. 1995. Integrated Logistics Support Handbook. New York, NY, USA: McGraw Hill. Additional ReferencesBarros, L.L. 1998. "The optimization of repair decision using life-cycle cost parameters." IMA Journal of Management Mathematics. Vol. 9, no. 4, p. 403. Berkowitz, D., J.N. Gupta, J.T. Simpson, and J.B. McWilliams. 2005. Defining and Implementing Performance-Based Logistics in Government. Washington, DC, USA: Defense Technical Information Center. Accessed 6 Sept 2011. Available at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADP018510. Gajpal, P.P., L.S. Ganesh, and C. Rajendran. 1994. "Criticality analysis of spare parts using the analytic hierarchy process." International Journal of Production Economics. Vol. 35, nos. 1-3 pp. 293-297. MITRE. 2011. "Integrated logistics support." Systems Engineering Guide. Accessed 11 March 2012. Available at: [[1]]. Murthy, D.N.P. and W.R. Blischke. 2000. "Strategic warranty management: A life-cycle approach." Engineering Management. Vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 40-54. Northrop Grumman Corporation. 2000. Logistics Systems Engineering. Accessed 6 Sept 2011. Available at: http://www.northropgrumman.com/Capabilities/NavigationSystemsLogisticsSystemsEngineering/Documents/nsd_logistics.pdf. Solomon, R., P.A. Sandborn, and M.G. Pecht. 2000. "Electronic part life cycle concepts and obsolescence forecasting." IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies. Vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 707-717. Spengler, T. and M. Schroter. 2003. "Strategic management of spare parts in closed-loop supply chains: A system dynamics approach." Interfaces. pp. 7-17. < Previous Article | Parent Article | Next Article >SEBoK v. 2.6, released 20 May 2022 What are the 10 elements of integrated logistics support ILS?The ten areas of ILS:. Engineering Support.. Maintenance Support.. Supply Support.. Training support.. Technical Data.. Personnel.. Facilities.. Packaging Handling Storage and Transport PHS&T.. What are the 12 elements of integrated product support?Integrated Product Support (IPS) Elements - Overview. Reliability and Maintainability (R&M). Human factors.. System safety.. Survivability and vulnerability.. Hazardous material management.. Standardization and interoperability.. Energy management.. Corrosion.. Which integrated product support element includes provisioning for initial support?Supply support includes provisioning for initial support, as well as acquiring, distributing, and replenishing inventories as reflected in the supply chain management strategy.
How many IPS elements are there?Product Support is enabled by 12 Integrated Product Support (IPS) Elements designed to deliver system readiness and availability while optimizing system life cycle cost.
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