Which aspect of poverty most alarmed the middle class of the late nineteenth century quizlet?
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 Impact California Social Studies World History, Culture, and Geography The Modern WorldJackson J. Spielvogel 1,440 solutions The chapter introduction tells the story of the "Exodusters" to make the point that? hopes for the future in the South and West confronted realities of "colonial" economies built on exploited lands and peoples. Dreams of a "New South" centered on a vision for what aspect of society? industrial development What does the text mean by the phrase "the Southern burden"? an awkward system of low-paid labor what dreams of a "New South," was never realized in the post-Civil War southern economy? industry never took hold in the South before 1900 "Sharecropping" means returning a fraction of the harvest to the landowner as rent. Most new textile workers in the South were best described as poor and white What is the best explanation for why tenancy became widespread in the South? A shortage of cash and credit made land ownership difficult. List developing industries in the New South Tobacco, Textiles, steel mills what new industries in the south typified the realities of post-Civil War economic life? lumber and steel Why do wages in southern industries remained low? because of the historic low wage pattern in agriculture. The combination of a change in American taste, a technological breakthrough, and the accelerated development of a classic southern product gave the South one of its few opportunities to control a national market. What was the item? A. fine hardwood furniture cigarettes Which of the following helps explain the South's persistent poverty? A. a poor educational system,
fostering a largely unskilled work force A. a poor educational system, fostering a largely unskilled work force At the center of southern life was A. slavery. the church What aspect of society best brought stability and social orders to the live of southern rural folks? a. hunting. Religion To what does the term "Jim Crow" refer? A. a process by which freed slaves established new communities in Kansas a system of legalized separation of blacks as socially inferior Who were the Redeemers? A. northern reformers who took over southern governments during Reconstruction white Democrats vowing to end Republican rule Explain Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and why it was important ? A. extended protection to blacks under the Fifteenth Amendment. Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine. What was the significance of the 98th meridian? A. The Census Bureau considered it the beginning of the frontier. It marks a boundary within the plains where the area of scarce rainfall begins Which of the following is were some of the most notable things about the environment in the West? A. Wood is scarce in most areas outside the Pacific Northwest. A.
Wood is scarce in most areas outside the Pacific Northwest. The Taos of New Mexico believed that each spring the pregnant earth issued new life. Which of the following is a custom they followed with respect to this belief? unshod their horses Compare and contrast that rain would come when the plains were plowed and planted, that water should be controlled by the community as a valued resource. The earlier federal Indian policy of "concentration" (deemed a failure by the 1880s) sought to restrict Indians in what way? limit the hunting grounds of many tribes In the wake of the Plains Indian wars, U.S. Indian policy changed? from a policy of concentrating tribes onto reservations; to a policy of trying to integrate Indians into white society as farmers Western booms followed what typical pattern? Initially, individuals rushed in for quick profits; then, corporations moved in with hired labor. What was the difference between the racial labor identities of California and Texas? California has Asian Americans, where Texas did not The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 proved destructive because it A. prevented Indians from selling tribal lands. attacked the communal structure of tribal life Labor in the construction of the California section of the transcontinental railroad was supplied by Chinese workers The cattle boom on the Great Plains ended in part because A. many ranchers preferred raising sheep. severe weather conditions and overproduction wiped out many ranchers Which of the following was true of farming on the western plains? A. Rising crop prices made farming attractive to homesteaders. B. Establishing a homestead farm was expensive for the average
family. Who among the following was most notable for shaping perceptions of the West and linking it to the wider world? a. William F. Cody William F. Cody How were the cities of the urban West different than the cities of the East? a. They grew outward instead of upward They grew outward instead of upward By 1887 Congress had
become so alarmed at foreign ownership of western land that it enacted what law? Alien Land Law Select the correct order in which the following territories became states, starting with the earliest. Nebraska, Utah, New Mexico The chapter introduction tells the story of the journeys of Americans created huge transportation and industrial systems between the 1860s and 1880s. The text stresses that the late A. new political reforms to break the power of those corporations. a national network of complex systems of industry, invention, and information
The first "big business" in America, at least in terms of finance, labor relations, and management, was what industry? the railroad industry For the first three quarters of the nineteenth century, investment capital came mostly from what source? A. investment banks. the savings of the firms The industries of Rockefeller and Carnegie illustrate not only the process of developing an made it possible to use natural resources in new ways and on a grander scale than before The late 1800s was a time of explosive growth, invention, and innovation. What did the innovations of the era have in common? A. all, in one-way or another, tapped the power of electricity. were made into systematic business What company did J. Pierpont Morgan create when he merged nine competing
steel A. United States Steel Corporation united states steel corporation To pay for building the myriad industrial systems and facilities needed to industrialize A. foreign governments invested heavily in U.S. industry for both political and economic
reasons. B. ordinary Americans had more and more surplus wealth to save and invest. What were the advantages of the corporate form of business organization? A. It could raise needed capital quickly and efficiently. A. It could raise needed capital quickly and efficiently. In which business situation do stockholders surrender their shares to a central board of directors with the power to control all property? The trust From where did the bulk of the manpower come, to work in the many new factories? A. from the rural areas of America C. both from the rural areas of America and Europe What aspect of the economy A. railroad system railroad system What sorts of techniques did the railroads pursue to overcome the competitive jungle? A. creating regional federations to pool traffic. A. creating regional federations to pool traffic. Who preached a "gospel of wealth"? Andrew Carnegie Serving as financial advisers to railroads, who often eventually found themselves taking Investment bankers What would a company with gain control of two or more stages of a business What were union benefits A. retirement pension B. insurance What did the wave of corporate mergers after 1893 result in? A) the practices of big businesses
subjecting the economy to enormous disruptions. C) the stability that came with big business bringing less extreme cycles of boom and bust. Who advocated what was referred to as "social Darwinism"? Herbert Spencer Who advocated what he called a "single tax"? A. Edward Bellamy Henry George The American Federation of Labor was comparatively successful because of what? Stressed gradual, concrete gains for its members Describe the condition of B. The industrial workplace increasingly called for skilled craftsmanship. Each year, industrial mishaps injured over 500,000 workers & killed average 35000 workers What does the text mean by asserting that certain jobs were "feminized"? Males tended to no longer pursue certain professional occupations once women entered them in significant numbers For ordinary workers to affect the industrial order, they had to develop their own kind
of unionization. What group prescribed not only an economic system, but also a Protestant moralistic social Knights of Labor Describe the structure and purpose of the American Federation of Labor. The American Federation of Labor was a union of skilled laborers formed by Samuel Gompers in 1866. The AFL quickly became one of the most powerful unions in the United States. They achieved success by avoiding larger political questions in favor of "bread and butter issues" such as shorter workdays and higher wages for union members. It merged with its rival, the Confederation of Industrial Organizations in 1955 to form AFL-CIO. ECONOMIC. In the late
1800s, what did challenged the authority of employers more often than mob violence In the late nineteenth century, employers always had the advantage over workers in labor A. the ability to hire and fire workers at will, and the use of "yellow dog"
contracts -the ability to hire and fire workers at will, and the use of "yellow dog" contracts The chapter
introduction tells A. city life was becoming especially stressful for many Americans. the city would survive because of its strategic location.
Summarize A. Birth rates rose. The proportion of Americans living in cities rose. Characterize late-nineteenth-and early-twentieth-century immigrants. Most came from Southern and eastern Europe.Most settled in cities. Most settled in ethnic communities centered on church life.Most married later but bore more children than the native-born.Most were surplus farm workers. Before the 1880s, most immigrants came from where? After the 1880s, most immigrants came from what different location? northern and western Europe; southern and eastern Europe Where did the middle and upper classes live in late-nineteenth-century American cities? in the newer outer suburbs. What changed about middle-class family and community life in "Victorian" America? Increasing opportunities for formal schooling became available. What transformed the appearance of American cities in the late 1800s? skyscrapers What was the primary solution to the realization that cities could hardly survive, let alone Electric streetcars What urban housing design, once hailed as a helpful innovation, turned out to be a dangerous The dumbbell tenement Why did the urban political machines stay in power in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century? They effectively provided needed services to the poorer city dwellers. Who divorced her husband, ran for president in 1872 on the Equal rights Party ticket, and pressed the Victoria Woodhull Describe how the urban Like a business corporation. How did urban bosses serve the people of the city? They both served and exploited the people of the city. Describe generally They served as a crude welfare system. A small group of ministers spread a new concept that focused on improving the conditions of Social Gospel A new experiment in providing social services to slum dwellers featured centers where
middle-class women lived among the poor, provided amenities, and taught American ways to immigrants. Settlement houses Which group among the poor was generally more responsive to "settlement houses" than to immigrants How did women's colleges
respond to Dr. Edward Clarke's assertion that the rigors of a college education could lead the "weaker sex" to physical or mental collapse, They implemented programs of physical activity to keep students healthy. Describe the typical pattern of immigrant life. Clustered into ever-changing neighborhoods in cities, with a church or synagogue at the center, ethnic communities both preserved old-world flavor and eased the transition to an Americanized culture. How were urban middle-class woman primarily judged? state of their home How did Victorian crusaders against intemperance and vice see their role in society? Apostles of Social control. Describe the trends in education Many new colleges were established, underwritten by grants from both private philanthropists and government. Frances Willard led the Victorian campaign against what? Alcohol What trend was reflected by the establishment of "normal schools" and the rise of new nursing and law schools? Practical and professional training. What movement began in the 1920s with the purpose of restraining the sale and use of alcohol? Temperance Movement What activities became a craze during the Victorian era, representing a mixed activity that Cycling What general statement could be made about arts and entertainment in the city in the late nineteenth century with regard to social classes ? It was divided along class lines The chapter introduction, A. the 1890s marked a return to a more
stable political and social order after the upheavals of the previous two decades. American society and the world had been transformed by the industrial revolution The world created at the Columbian Exposition was indeed illusory; in fact, events in America A. Was ill equipped to cope with the economic and social revolutions that were reshaping the country. was ill equipped to cope with the economic and social revolutions that were reshaping the country. What evidence is available A. the period was marked by relatively low voter turnout. B. much energy in Congress was expended on political patronage. What did the pattern of late-nineteenth-century politics include? A. surface similarities between the two major parties. A. surface similarities between the two major parties. Which party tended to support A. Democrats Republicans What third-party movement first had a presidential candidate receive over one million votes? A.the Woman's Christian Temperance Union the People's Party What was the "bloody shirt"? A. a rhetorical symbol used by Republicans and Democrats to blame each other for the Civil War A rhetorical symbol used by Republicans and Democrats to blame each other for the Civil War What did the first modern governmental reform law, the
Pendleton Act of 1883 enacted in A. a high protective tariff. civil service merit standards and procedures for government jobs On the tariff issue, who supported high protective
tariffs, while A. Democrats; Republicans Republicans; farmers and other debtors What were some of the more notable features of moved quickly to end Reconstruction What were some of the more notable features of Chester A. Arthur and his presidency? A. won the presidency by a razor-thin margin B. endorsed the new Civil Service Starting in 1869, Massachusetts established commissions to investigate and regulate industry. A. textiles railroads What did the farmer frustrations that fueled the rise of the People's Party include? A. inflation. B. debt. What was created in response to the Supreme Court's ruling in Munn A.
Interstate Commerce Commission interstate commerce commission In the years surrounding 1890, an innovative program of self - help spearheaded by the Southern Alliance movement flourished, though on the whole the effort A. granges cooperatives As a result of a theory was transformed into a modern, steam-driven institution The most innovative proposal of the Ocala Demands originated from Charles Macune. What would his "subtreasury system" call for government to do? required a system of government warehouses for crop storage until prices rose. Why was the election of 1892 The democrats won both houses of congress. What is the best The U.S. government would promote prosperity by inflating the money supply through minting all the silver offered to it. The depression of the 1890s demonstrated what about the nation's political system? inability of the nation's political system to smooth out the economic cycle of boom and bust. Who was Coxey's Army Descended on Washington to demand a program to employ the jobless. Why did new attitudes toward poverty and government responsibility emerge? The depression of 1893 What was particularly important about the 1896 election? initiated a realignment in the power of the two parties, and an era of strong presidents.
Free silver was a the agricultural South and West against the commercial Northeast. Who ran for president during Republican William Mckinley and Democrat Jennings Bryan. Realignment election that ended the old third party system and began the 4th party system What was the money question Who else was affected by poor whites who might break party ranks. What was the "little green ballot" referred toby Booker T. Washington? William McKinley What was an active chief executive who re-energized the executive branch of government Many Americans were able to justify joining the race for empire for what reasons ? What did Extending the benefits of free enterprise, spreading Christianity, promoting democracy abroad. What were important reasons a belief in the basic equality of all people and races What were the concerns Local population not capable of self rule, social chaos, destruction of American-owned property. Where did the In and around Manila Bay In the 1890s, the U.S. acquired the Philippine islands. Among the elements
making up the American ideology of imperialism, commercial opportunity Which statement best describes where the middle class tended to live in late nineteenth century urban areas?Which best describes where the middle class tended to live in late-nineteenth-century urban areas? They settled in well-to-do ethnic communities.
How did American fashion change from the early to the late nineteenth century quizlet?How did American fashion change from the early to the late nineteenth century? Americans began to buy their clothes almost exclusively from stores. new forms of recreation and entertainment. In the twentieth century, urban areas were defined as communities of more than ______.
What allowed middle class families to leave urban environments answer choices?What allowed middle class families to leave urban environments? Improved roads and mass transit systems.
Which of the following best describes a cultural change that accompanied the rise of cities and industry by the late nineteenth century multiple choice question?Which of the following best describes a cultural change that accompanied the rise of cities and industry by the late nineteenth century? People began to see a distinction between "highbrow" and "lowbrow" culture. longer and more elaborate operations.
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