Is everything a function in python?
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Just like str, int, and dict, functions are also objects in Python. Find out how we can take advantage of this feature to write more flexible code.You’ve probably heard the saying that everything is an object in Python — one of the most popular… One of the most powerful features of Python is that everything is an object, including functions. Functions in Python are first-class objects. This broadly means, that functions in Python:
4 minute read • Python 3.7—3.10 Watch as video 03:49
Sign in to your Python Morsels account to save your screencast settings. Don't have an account yet? Sign up here. In Python, everything is an object. Classes are objectsWe have a class called
And we have a variable called
Variables point to objects, and class instances are objects. But classes are also objects. So, we can point a variable to a class: We now have a variable
And in fact,
So anything that we could do with
Or we could call the
Calling
So while class instances are objects, classes are also objects. You can point variables to either class instances or classes. Modules are objectsModules are objects too. So we can point variables to module objects:
We've imported the
And if we change the
This will add a new attribute to the Meaning This was possible because modules are mutable objects, meaning you can add attributes to them and you can update attributes on them. If we take
Note that this is a bad idea. You really shouldn't add or update attributes in other modules after you've imported them, but it's possible to do because modules are objects in Python and they're mutable objects, meaning they can be changed. Functions are objectsFunctions are even objects in Python. We have a function called
The one thing you normally do with a function is call it. This function
Because functions are objects, we could point another variable, The variable
That means anything we could do with Both of these variables point to the same function object. Just like modules, classes, and class instances, functions have attributes. There is a
That If we wanted
to be devious, we could assign the
So if we call greet now, it's now going to say This is possible to do because functions are objects, meaning we can point other variables to them, and since they're mutable objects, we can even update the attributes that exist on functions. SummaryIn Python, everything is an object. Classes are objects, instances of classes are objects, modules are objects, and functions are objects. Anything that you can point a variable to is an object. Series: Overlooked FundamentalsThese topics are commonly overlooked by new Python programmers. To track your progress on this Python Morsels topic trail, sign in or sign up. ✕ ↑ A Python Tip Every Week Need to fill-in gaps in your Python skills? I send weekly emails designed to do just that. Is all a function in Python?What is all() ? all() is another Python function that takes in an iterable and returns True if all of the elements evaluate to True , but that returns False if otherwise.
Is everything in Python an object?In Python everything is an object, which means every entity has some metadata (called attributes) and associated functionality (called methods).
Is everything class in Python?In Python, everything is an object. Classes are objects, instances of classes are objects, modules are objects, and functions are objects.
Is everything in Python a string?Since Python is an object-oriented programming language, and hence everything in Python is an object, every integer, string, list and functions.
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