Skillful listening and speaking 1 answer key Unit 1
Skillful 1 Listening and speaking audio scriptBạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (206.98 KB, 15 trang ) Skillful for first-born children, middle children, etcetera. Marissa: Can you give us some examples? Dr. Sperling: Of course. Lets start with the first-born child, the oldest. First borns are usually serious, responsible, and organized. Theyre natural leaders. Marissa: Why is that? Dr. Sperling: Maybe because in many families, the oldest child helps to take care of the younger ones. Also, in many cultures, everyone expects the first child to become the head of the family someday. Marissa: Thats interesting. Im the oldest child in my family, and you just described me perfectly! Lets talk next about middle children. Tell us about them. Dr. Sperling: Well, very often the middle child is the family peacemaker. I mean, if theres a problem in the family, they try to fix it. Also, middle children are very social. Their friends are very important to them, maybe because middle children dont always feel very special in their families. Marissa: And what about last-born children, Dr. Sperling? Photocopiable Dr. Sperling: Last-born children are very sweet and loving. They enjoy touching and hugging. They can also be very funny, since, as the last child, they have to work hard to get attention, especially in a big family. Marissa: Theres one type of child we havent mentioned, Dr. Sperling, and thats the only child. Dr. Sperling: Oh yes. Well, only children are very comfortable around adults, and theyre very verbal you know, they talk a lot, and they know a lot of words. Thats because their parents are always talking to them. Marissa: I see. Well, Dr. Sperling, I have one more question: These personality characteristics, how common are they? I mean, for example, are first-born children always leaders, or are only children always verbal? Dr. Sperling: Of course not. Research tells us that these characteristics are very common, but every child is different, and every family is different. Its true that our birth order influences our personality, but other things, like culture, gender I mean boy or girl family size, and our life experiences are also important, maybe even more important. Track 03 Temperament Professor: OK class, yesterday we started our new unit on the topic of temperament. Lets start today with a little review. What is temperament? What does it mean? Student 1: I think you said that temperament is our natural character, um, its the natural way we feel and act most of the time. Professor: Thats right. So some people have a nervous temperament, for example, or a calm temperament, or an angry temperament. Now, is temperament something we learn, or are we born with it? Student 2: Were born with it. Professor: Very good. All right, now, this morning were going to look at some research about temperament in babies. Some psychologists say there are THREE TYPES of BABY, which they call easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up. Most babies fit into one of these groups. Audioscript Lets take a look at the characteristics of these three groups of babies. To start, easy babies are happy most of the time. Theyre very social, they smile a lot, they dont cry much, and they have normal eating and sleeping patterns. Theyre easy! But difficult babies are just the opposite. Their parents worry about them because they seem unhappy. They cry a lot, and they dont eat or sleep at the same time every day. It can be very hard for parents when they have a baby like this. And the third group, slow-towarm-up babies Student 3: Excuse me, Professor. What does warm up mean? Professor: It means to become comfortable in a new situation. People who are slow-to-warm-up arent super-friendly at first. They seem careful. In the same way, slow-to-warm-up babies are shy in new situations. Also, theyre not very active. Let me give you an example. Lets imagine that theres a new baby in the family, and Uncle John comes for a visit. The easy baby sees Uncle John and immediately begins smiling and moving his arms and legs. Its clear that hes excited about this new person. But the difficult baby sees Uncle John, and what does he do? Student 1: He starts to cry? Professor: Exactly. Hes afraid. He doesnt like this strange new person. And the slow-to-warm-up baby, well, he doesnt cry, but he doesnt smile or move much, either. He stays quiet and just watches. Now, the interesting question about temperament is, does it change? Can a difficult baby become an easy teenager, for example? What do you think? Student 1: No. Student 2: Yes. Student 3: Sure. Professor: Well, the answer is not really. Research shows that temperament doesnt change much as people grow older. Also, scientists have found these same temperament groups in babies from many different cultures Yes? Student 3: So if you were a difficult baby, does that mean youre going to have a difficult time for your whole life? Professor: No, it doesnt. Let me explain. As I said, most psychologists agree that people have a certain temperament Skillful Level 1 Digibook. This page is photocopiable, but all copies must be complete pages. Copyright © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012. 1 Skillful Listening&Speaking Audioscript Level 1 from birth. But the things that happen to us after were born have a much greater influence on our life. With help from parents and teachers, difficult or slow-to-warm-up children can learn to feel more comfortable in new situations. People can change. Are there any other questions right now? No? OK, then lets take a short break, and then Track 04 1 Every type of baby is special. 2 My grandmother has a very sweet nature. 3 Its normal for children to cry when they are tired. 4 Anita is very verbal. 5 My sisters husband is a very kind person. Track 05 1 Hi Nasrin. Id like to introduce my colleague, Soo Mi. 2 Richard. Id like you to meet my grandfather, Mr. Smith. 3 Hi Ali. This is my brother, Sami. 4 Hello class. Its my pleasure to introduce our program director, Mr. Brown. 5 Paul, this is my friend, Miko. Track 06 1 BIRTH ORDER MEANS your PLACE or your POSITION in the FAMILY. 2 WHY is BIRTH ORDER IMPORTANT? 3 There are THREE TYPES of BABIES. 4 WHAT does WARM UP MEAN? 5 Can a DIFFICULT BABY become an EASY TEENAGER? Track 07 Jay: Whats your name? Yakub: Yakub Mara. Jay: Where are you from? Yakub: Im from Jordan. Jay: How many brothers and sisters do you have? Yakub: I have one brother and two sisters. Jay: Are you the oldest? Yakub: No, Im second. Jay: What are three words that describe your character? Yakub: Im serious, responsible, and organized. Jay: What job do you want to have in the future? Photocopiable Yakub: I want to be a doctor. Jay: Why is this a good job for you? Yakub: It fits my personality. Im a natural leader. Track 08 Circadian rhythm Lee: Hey Bella. Do you have a minute? Bella: Sure. Whats up? Lee: Im doing a survey about circadian rhythm for my biology class. Id like to know Bella: Im sorry, Lee. Youre doing a survey on what? Lee: Circadian rhythm. Bella: Whats that? Lee: Its the bodys regular cycle of activities like sleeping, waking, and eating. Bella: You mean like a clock? Lee: Exactly. Its like a clock inside our brains. It responds to light and dark. Circadian rhythm causes most people to be active during the day, and lots of animals to be active at night. Bella: Um Is it a 24-hour clock? Lee: Not exactly. Actually I just read a really interesting study about that. Some scientists wanted to know when people fall asleep and wake up if they dont know what time it is. The scientists put a group of volunteers in a room without windows or clocks for two months. The volunteers could eat, sleep, work, or play at any time they wanted, but they couldnt watch TV, listen to the radio, or have visitors. Bella: Oh, that sounds interesting. What did the scientists find out? Lee: Well, they expected to find out that people live by a 24-hour cycle. But instead, they found proof that most people actually have a twenty-five hour cycle. Bella: Really? Well then, why dont we wake up an hour later every day? Lee: Because our brains respond to light. Light in the morning makes the clock in our brain start again every day. Bella: What about people who work at night and sleep during the day, like police officers or truck drivers? Do they have problems? Lee: Yeah, sometimes. A lot of police officers and truck drivers have trouble sleeping during the daytime, so theyre sleepy at night. As a result, they make mistakes or have accidents at work. Bella: You know, I really enjoy being awake at night. Its the time when I feel the most awake, so its my best time to study. Lee: Well, there are lots of people like you. But see, you choose to be awake at night. The problems happen with people who prefer to be awake during the daytime, but their job requires them to be up at night. Bella: I understand. Well anyway, what about that survey? What do you want to ask me? Lee: Right. OK, heres the first question Track 09 1 Circadian rhythm causes most people to be active during the day, and lots of animals to be active at night. 2 Light in the morning makes the clock in our brain start again every day. 3 A lot of police officers and truck drivers have trouble sleeping during the daytime, so theyre sleepy at night. 4 As a result, they make mistakes or have accidents at work. 5 I really enjoy being awake at night. Its the time when I feel the most awake, so its my best time to study. Track 10 Investigating the effects of the moon Dominic: Welcome to the Science Show. Im your host, Dominic Weaver. Its a full moon tonight, so its a good time to talk about the moon, earths closest neighbor. We know that the moon has a powerful influence on the earth. By pulling on the oceans, the moon causes the tides, which are the rising and falling levels of the water in the oceans every day. The relationship between the moon and the tides was discovered more than 300 years ago by an English scientist named Isaac Newton. However, today were going to talk about a different question. Do the cycles of the moon have an effect on the behavior of animals? Track 11 Dominic: Welcome to the Science Show. Im your host, Dominic Weaver. Its a full moon tonight, so its a good time to talk about the moon, earths closest neighbor. We know that the moon has a powerful influence on the earth. Skillful Level 1 Digibook. This page is photocopiable, but all copies must be complete pages. Copyright © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012. 2 Skillful Listening&Speaking Audioscript Level 1 By pulling on the oceans, the moon causes the tides, which are the rising and falling levels of the water in the oceans every day. The relationship between the moon and the tides was discovered more than 300 years ago by an English scientist named Isaac Newton. However, today were going to talk about a different question. Do the cycles of the moon have an effect on the behavior of animals? According to several studies, the answer is yes. In one study, for example, scientists found proof that some ocean animals are more active on nights when the moon is shining. This happens even if the animals are inside a laboratory, where the light and temperature never change. Then, in 2003, scientists in Sweden discovered that some insects also respond to the light of the moon. The insects walk in a straighter line towards food on nights when the moon is out. Recently, a scientist named Craig Packer made an amazing discovery about the relationship between the full moon and the behavior of lions. Dr. Packer is a biologist at the University of Minnesota. Between 1988 and 2009, lions attacked more than 1000 people in Tanzania, in Africa. Most of these attacks happened in the evening, for 10 days after the full moon. Dr. Packer wanted to find out why. Lets see what he discovered. Normally, lions hunt at night, in the dark. In the days before the full moon, the moon rises before the sun sets. This means there is more light in the evening, so its more difficult for the lions to hunt, and they become very hungry. On the night of the full moon, again the moon rises early, and there is light all night long. This makes it the most difficult night of the month for hunting, and the lions become even more hungry. But after the full moon, the moon rises after the sun sets. As a result, there are several hours of darkness in the early evening, when people are still awake and active outdoors. These dark hours are a perfect time for hungry lions to hunt. And this, according to Dr. Packer, is why lions attack humans more on the days after the full moon. Photocopiable These three studies show a powerful relationship between the cycles of the moon and the behavior of animals. Perhaps in the future, studies will show a similar connection between these cycles and the activities of humans. Track 12 Dominic: Welcome to the Science Show. Im your host, Dominic Weaver. Its a full moon tonight, so its a good time to talk about the moon, earths closest neighbor. We know that the moon has a powerful influence on the earth. By pulling on the oceans, the moon causes the tides, which are the rising and falling levels of the water in the oceans every day. The relationship between the moon and the tides was discovered more than 300 years ago by an English scientist named Isaac Newton. However, today were going to talk about a different question. Do the cycles of the moon have an effect on the behavior of animals? According to several studies, the answer is yes. In one study, for example, scientists found proof that some ocean animals are more active on nights when the moon is shining. This happens even if the animals are inside a laboratory, where the light and temperature never change. Then, in 2003, scientists in Sweden discovered that some insects also respond to the light of the moon. The insects walk in a straighter line towards food on nights when the moon is out. Recently, a scientist named Craig Packer made an amazing discovery about the relationship between the full moon and the behavior of lions. Dr. Packer is a biologist at the University of Minnesota. Between 1988 and 2009, lions attacked more than 1000 people in Tanzania, in Africa. Most of these attacks happened in the evening, for 10 days after the full moon. Dr. Packer wanted to find out why. Lets see what he discovered. Track 13 Dominic: Normally, lions hunt at night, in the dark. In the days before the full moon, the moon rises before the sun sets. This means there is more light in the evening, so its more difficult for the lions to hunt, and they become very hungry. On the night of the full moon, again the moon rises early, and there is light all night long. This makes it the most difficult night of the month for hunting, and the lions become even more hungry. But after the full moon, the moon rises after the sun sets. As a result, there are several hours of darkness in the early evening, when people are still awake and active outdoors. These dark hours are a perfect time for hungry lions to hunt. And this, according to Dr. Packer, is why lions attack humans more on the days after the full moon. These three studies show a powerful relationship between the cycles of the moon and the behavior of animals. Perhaps in the future, studies will show a similar connection between these cycles and the activities of humans. Track 14 1 Sister: Its raining. Can I use your umbrella? Brother: OK, no problem. 2 Student 1: Pardon me, Professor. Could I talk to you? Professor: Im sorry, I have a meeting now. But I can see you later. 3 Stranger 1: Pardon me. May I sit here? Stranger 2: Im sorry. Im saving the seat for my friend. 4 Stranger 1: Excuse me, is it ok if I go before you in the line? Stranger 2: Sorry, Im in a hurry too. 5 Student 2: Excuse me, can I borrow your dictionary? Student 3: Sure. Track 15 1 What do you want to find out? 2 Is there a cure for jet lag? 3 Why do lions hunt at night? 4 Who discovered circadian rhythm? 5 Do plants respond to the cycles of the moon? 6 Are you tired? Track 16 Multi-generational homes Host: Id like to welcome urban planner Joseph Farid to our show. Dr. Farid, what can you tell us about homes and how they are changing? Skillful Level 1 Digibook. This page is photocopiable, but all copies must be complete pages. Copyright © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012. 3 Skillful Listening&Speaking Audioscript Level 1 Dr. Farid: Well, in many traditional cultures its common for grandparents, in-laws, children, and other extended family members to live in the same house. Now theres a growing trend for this socalled multi-generational or multigen household in other places, too, for example in North America and Europe. Host: Does multi-generational just mean more than one generation living together? Dr. Farid: Well, there isnt an exact definition, but basically it means there are at least two adult generations living together under the same roof. Host: So, youre saying that theres more of that type of household these days around the world? Is there a particular reason? Dr. Farid: There are a few reasons or benefits. First, Id say its economics. In many industrialized countries with rising food prices and the higher cost of living theres a growing number of young adults, known as boomerang kids, who move away from home for college, and then they move back home as adults because they cant afford their own housing. So the parents so-called empty nest then becomes what we can call a crowded nest. And a second reason is health care as people are living longer. For example, many people who were born in the 1960s and 70s, called Generation X, are now working and have a family, but their elderly parents are still alive. With health care so expensive these days, multi-generational housing gives them more choices for care giving. Host: I see. Are there any other reasons for the increase in multi-gen homes? Dr. Farid: Yes, I think another reason is emotional. In this rapidly globalized world many people dont want to lose their cozy, traditional family and community bonds. So, the multigenerational home that includes elderly grandparents, Generation X parents, adult kids, and even grandkids gives everyone a real feeling of connection to home. Host: So, I suppose the multi-gen home boom has a lot going for it. Dr. Farid: Yes it does. Of course, when people of three or four generations live in the same house there can be issues like cooking and cleaning, using the bathrooms, and having enough Photocopiable space for clothes especially in small, compact homes. But as weve seen there are many economic and emotional advantages, too. Host: OK, Dr. Farid, thank you very much for joining us today. Track 17 1 Some people want a multi-gen house to have room for the grandparents complete with its own bathroom and kitchen what we can call an in-law apartment. 2 Many people born in the 1960s and 70s, known as Generation X, want to have space in their home for an office. 3 The Generation Y kids, also called the millennial generation, were born in the 1980s to the mid-1990s, and they make up the largest number of so-called boomerang kids. Track 18 Less is more Newscaster: We often say home is where the heart is. Thats certainly true for Dhez and Marta Ramos, even though their home is, well, tiny. In fact, Mr. and Mrs. Ramos belong to what is known as the tiny-house movement that is becoming popular world-wide. Professor Lee is an expert in this area. She explains that many people these days believe a simple life is good, and so theyre trying to live comfortably in the smallest space possible. In other words, theyre choosing to downsize their idea of home. Dhez and Marta, for example, live in an 11 square meter mini-home. Perhaps to us that sounds more micro than mini, but what does Dhez think about their living space? Dhez: Theres enough space for a bed, which we can fold up into the wall during the day. And theres a cupboard above and another one below the bed for our clothes, a cute mini-kitchen to cook, and a very compact toilet or shower. Of course, there isnt any space for our inlaws or extended family. We also cant have lots of books and CDs, but thats no problemwe read on our iPad and listen to our iPod! Actually, we have enough space to live well and happily. Newscaster: They bought their tiny house ready-made from a company called MHS (MiniHouseSolutions) on the Internet. MHS designs mini-homes from 5 to 35 square meters, and theres a choice of eight different models, including an A shape cabin, a box cube, and a round dome. The company also delivers the new tiny homes complete with wheels so the new owners can park it anywhere: in urban areas, next to a field, in a forest, by a river, in a parents front yard, even on the back of a trucka true mobile home. And for customers who want to build their own tiny-home, MHS sells all the building materials, complete with plans and step-by-step instructions. Dhez and Marta paid only $7,000 for their MHS tiny home, so it is certainly inexpensive. But are there any other benefits to living small? Heres what Marta has to say. Marta: Actually, its a great feeling to know that were living simply and not wasting space with more rooms than we really need. Our home uses fewer materials and less energy, and so its very friendly to the environment, too. Not only that, its also definitely cozyvery cozy! And we definitely dont have too much housework to do. Newscaster: Hmmm, perhaps too cozy for many of us. But for Dhez and Marta Ramos, and a growing number of other people, when it comes to home, less is more! Track 19 1 A: I dont know what to make for dinner. B: Lets cook rice for dinner. A: OK, thats a good idea. 2 A: I dont really like the way my bedroom looks. B: Well, maybe you could change the furniture. A: I think Id rather just get a houseplant, its cheaper. 3 A: I want to make this place more beautiful. B: How about putting flowers in the garden? A: Well, I think it might be better to plant vegetables to eat. 4 A: Do you want to go out this evening? B: Why dont we stay home and watch TV. A: OK, good idea. Skillful Level 1 Digibook. This page is photocopiable, but all copies must be complete pages. Copyright © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012. 4 Skillful Listening&Speaking Level 1 5 A: I dont have enough space for all my things. B: Well, I suggest you put a bookcase there. A: Id rather put it over here because theres more light. Track 20 1 Dr. Farid: Theres a growing number of young adults. 2 Host: So, I suppose the multi-gen home boom has a lot going for it. 3 Newscaster: We often say home is where the heart is. 4 Newscaster: Professor Lee is an expert in this area. 5 Newscaster: What does Dhez think about their living space? 6 Dhez: Theres enough space for a bed. Track 21 Wallscapes Cho: This is Matthew Cho, reporting on the latest trend in outdoor advertising: wallscapes. Wallscapes are huge advertisements that cover the entire side of a building. Im standing on Main Street in downtown Centerville, looking up as workers paint an ad for a new television show on the side of an enormous building. With me is Steve Engle, manager of ABC Wallscapes. ABC Wallscapes puts up the huge ads on buildings, parking structures, and other large outdoor spaces. Mr. Engle, whats the difference between a wallscape and a billboard? Engle: Well, theyre similar in one way. Both of them are a type of large outdoor advertising. Billboards are the huge ads you see by the side of the road when youre driving. But unlike billboards, wallscapes use permanent structures, especially the sides of buildings, as the place for the ad. Cho: What materials are used to make wallscapes? Engle: One material is paint, like the ad for the TV show thats going up here. But wallscapes can also be made from cloth. And our company does threePhotocopiable dimensional ads. For example, we did one for a sports equipment company that had a 25-foot plastic basketball coming out of the side of the building. Cho: Thats incredible. But I imagine wallscapes are very expensive to put up. Why do companies choose this form of advertising? They could choose something cheaper, like a newspaper ad. Engle: Well, imagine that youre walking around in a city, and you turn a corner and suddenly you see this enormous ad. Youre not going to forget it, are you? Theres no way to have that kind of surprise with a miniature ad in a newspaper. Wallscapes succeed in getting peoples attention. Cho: Thats true. Now, what about the ad thats going up here: How big will it be when its finished? Engle: 150 feet tall and 90 feet wide about 13,000 square feet. Cho: Wow. Thats a lot of paint! So your painters are working 150 feet up in the air. Isnt this really dangerous? They might fall and hurt themselves. Engle: No, its very safe. There are a lot of safety devices. Weve never had an accident. Cho: Well Mr. Engle, thanks for talking with us. Reporting from downtown, Im Matthew Cho for KNWZ news. Track 22 Miniature medical devices Interviewer: Good afternoon listeners and welcome to MediPod, our weekly podcast on health and medicine. Our topic this time is miniature medical devices, and with me to discuss this trend is Dr. Michael Singh. Welcome to the show. Dr. Singh: Thank you. Interviewer: To begin, I see youre holding something in your hand. Its a tiny device, about three centimeters long and one centimeter wide, and its similar in shape to a large pill. Can you tell us what it is? Track 23 Interviewer: Good afternoon listeners and welcome to MediPod, our weekly podcast on health and medicine. Our topic this time is miniature medical devices, and with me to discuss this trend is Dr. Michael Singh. Welcome to the show. Audioscript Dr. Singh: Thank you. Interviewer: To begin, I see youre holding something in your hand. Its a tiny device, about three centimeters long and one centimeter wide, and its similar in shape to a large pill. Can you tell us what it is? Dr. Singh: Certainly. Believe it or not, its a miniature camera, a so-called pill camera, or Pill Cam©, that patients can actually swallow. We use it to find problems in the small intestine. Interviewer: Thats amazing. Tell us how it works. Dr. Singh: Its quite simple, really. The patient swallows the Pill Cam© with water. And then, for the next eight hours, while the patient is doing his or her regular activities, the camera travels through the body, taking pictures, and sending them to a recording device. After eight hours, the patient takes the recording device to the doctor. The images are downloaded to a computer, and the doctor looks at them in order to find the patients problem. Interviewer: How is this better than earlier technology? Dr. Singh: In the past, if doctors wanted to see the small intestine, the only way to do it was to take an enormous number of x-rays. The patient had to lie down without moving for a long time. Unlike the Pill Cam©, X-rays are also dangerous because they give off radiation. Plus the x-rays themselves were not very clear. The advantage of the Pill Cam© is that we get beautiful, clear images, and theres no radiation or discomfort to the patient. Interviewer: Are there any disadvantages? Dr. Singh: A few. The Pill Cam© is expensive, and it takes time for the doctor to look at the pictures. But the main disadvantage is that after the patient swallows the device, the doctor cant control it. There is no way to stop it, for instance, if the doctor wants to look closely at one particular part of the intestine. However, researchers are now developing a new camera that doctors can control from outside the body. Its going to be a huge improvement. Interviewer: Thats fascinating. Well now, lets talk about a different part of the body - the ear. I understand now that there are tiny hearing aids [fade] that go inside the ear. Skillful Level 1 Digibook. This page is photocopiable, but all copies must be complete pages. Copyright © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012. 5 Skillful Listening&Speaking Audioscript Level 1 Track 24 Interviewer: Good afternoon listeners and welcome to MediPod, our weekly podcast on health and medicine. Our topic this time is miniature medical devices, and with me to discuss this trend is Dr. Michael Singh. Welcome to the show. Dr. Singh: Thank you. Interviewer: To begin, I see youre holding something in your hand. Its a tiny device, about three centimeters long and one centimeter wide, and its similar in shape to a large pill. Can you tell us what it is? Dr. Singh: Certainly. Believe it or not, its a miniature camera, a so-called pill camera, or Pill Cam©, that patients can actually swallow. We use it to find problems in the small intestine. Interviewer: Thats amazing. Tell us how it works. Dr. Singh: Its quite simple, really. The patient swallows the Pill Cam© with water. And then, for the next eight hours, while the patient is doing his or her regular activities, the camera travels through the body, taking pictures, and sending them to a recording device. After eight hours, the patient takes the recording device to the doctor. The images are downloaded to a computer, and the doctor looks at them in order to find the patients problem. Track 25 Interviewer: How is this better than earlier technology? Dr. Singh: In the past, if doctors wanted to see the small intestine, the only way to do it was to take an enormous number of x-rays. The patient had to lie down without moving for a long time. Unlike the Pill Cam©, X-rays are also dangerous because they give off radiation. Plus the x-rays themselves were not very clear. The advantage of the Pill Cam© is that we get beautiful, clear images, and theres no radiation or discomfort to the patient. Interviewer: Are there any disadvantages? Dr. Singh: A few. The Pill Cam© is expensive, and it takes time for the doctor to look at the pictures. But the main disadvantage is that after the patient swallows the device, the doctor cant control it. There is no way to stop it, for instance, if the doctor wants to look Photocopiable closely at one particular part of the intestine. However, researchers are now developing a new camera that doctors can control from outside the body. Its going to be a huge improvement. Interviewer: Thats fascinating. Well now, lets talk about a different part of the body - the ear. I understand now that there are tiny hearing aids [fade] that go inside the ear Track 26 1 Im standing at the corner of 5th and Main streets. 2 Its not raining now. 3 Imagine that youre walking around downtown. 4 She isnt sitting at her desk. 5 Theyre painting an enormous wallscape. 6 Shes holding something in her hand. 7 Hes developing a new kind of camera. 8 Were not meeting with the painter today. 9 They arent listening to the speaker. 10 Hes not working for the advertising company anymore. Track 27 Henry: Hi Alex. Where are you? What are you doing? Alex: Im at the natural history museum. Im standing in front of the skeleton of a blue whale. Its enormous. Henry: Whats all that noise? Alex: Theres a group of schoolchildren here with their teacher. Shes trying to tell them about the whale, but theyre not paying attention. Theyre running around and laughing. Henry: I see. Is Mark with you? Alex: No, hes working. Henry: OK, well, have a good time. Alex: OK, Im going now. Bye. Track 28 1 I do not support cigarette smoking in public places because cigarette smoke hurts everybody. 2 Im against billboards because they are ugly. 3 I support students bringing cell phones to school because sometimes we need to reach our parents. 4 Im for a law that makes people recycle because recycling is good for the environment. 5 Im for starting English lessons in school at age four because young children learn languages easily. Track 29 Graphology Host: Today Id like to welcome our guest, Tamara Kim, who is a graphologist. Ms. Kim, welcome. Now, can you tell us what graphologists actually do, and why? Tamara: OK, the simple answer is that graphologists analyze peoples handwriting. Everyones handwriting is unique. We all have our own patterns of writing, which are different from everyone elses. There are two main purposes for handwriting analysis. The first is to make a profile, or description, of someones personality. Host: Ah, so its true that our handwriting shows what kind of a person we are? Tamara: To be honest, most scientists think that graphology is not truly scientific and not very reliable. However, I should mention that some companies hire graphologists to analyze the handwriting of job applicants. They think its a good way to help them find the best person for the job, and avoid hiring the wrong person, for example someone who is disorganized and cant complete projects efficiently. Host: Ah, OK, so what about the other purpose for handwriting analysis? Tamara: The other is mainly as evidence in a legal case. One example is examining a document to see if its authentic or a fake. Another example is that police can use the handwriting on a note or memo to figure out if someone is linked to a crime. Host: So what exactly do you look at when you analyze handwriting? Tamara: We generally focus on four features. The first is form, including the size, shape, and slant or angle of the letters. Host: Can you give an example? Tamara: Sure, for example, lets take the letters l and h. One person may make the top of those letters very tall and narrow, while another person may make them short and wide. We can also look at the letters g and y. One person may make the bottom part of a g and y closed like a loop or circle while another persons g and y are always open like a curved line at the bottom. Skillful Level 1 Digibook. This page is photocopiable, but all copies must be complete pages. Copyright © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012. 6 Skillful Listening&Speaking Audioscript Level 1 Host: I see, thats interesting. So how about the other features? Tamara: OK, the second one is line pressure, meaning how hard the writer pushes the pen or pencil against the paper. This makes the writing darker or lighter. The third feature is called arrangement, which includes how close together the letters are. It also includes punctuation, like periods and commas. Host: Wow, I didnt think of that. I guess the way people use commas can tell you a lot! Tamara: Yes, definitely. And finally, experts should look at content, including spelling, grammar, and vocabulary, such as adjectives and adverbs. Host: So you can actually analyze everything about someones writing? Tamara: Yes, each feature can individually give us some information, and all four features together can show a clear pattern in someones handwriting. Host: Very interesting so I guess I should change my writing style if I am going to commit a crime, right? Tamara: Well, yes And if you want to avoid getting caught by the police its a good idea to use a computer instead of a pen! Host: Ms Kim, thank you for talking with me today. Tamara: My pleasure. Track 30 1 One example is examining a document to see if its authentic or a fake. 2 Another example is that police can use the handwriting on a note or memo to figure out if someone is linked to a crime. 3 The first is form, including the size, shape, and slant or angle of the letters. 4 Sure, for example, lets take the letters l and h. 5 The third feature is called arrangement, which includes how close together the letters are. 6 It also includes punctuation, like periods and commas. 7 Experts should look at content, including spelling, grammar, and vocabulary, such as adjectives and adverbs. Photocopiable Track 31 Flocks, schools and swarms Lecturer: Good morning everyone. Today our topic is Flocks, swarms, and schools. That probably sounds confusing, so Ill try to make the lecture clear and understandableand interesting. To do that, Ill cover three areas: First, Ill give you some background information including what scientists want to know. Then Ill introduce the key terms flock behavior and swarm intelligence and explain what they are. Finally, well look at some ways that our understanding of flocks and swarms is useful. Ill go slowly so you can take notes. And you should write down any questions you have so you can ask me at the end. Track 32 Lecturer: Good morning everyone. Today our topic is Flocks, swarms, and schools. That probably sounds confusing, so Ill try to make the lecture clear and understandableand interesting. To do that, Ill cover three areas: First, Ill give you some background information including what scientists want to know. Then Ill introduce the key terms flock behavior and swarm intelligence and explain what they are. Finally, well look at some ways that our understanding of flocks and swarms is useful. Ill go slowly so you can take notes. And you should write down any questions you have so you can ask me at the end. OK, lets start with some background. We all know that birds fly in the sky, fish swim in the sea, and ants walk on land. That makes them very different, but they do have something in commonthey often move together in large groups very efficiently to find food, to avoid danger, or to build a home. Scientists study these groups of birds, fish, and insects to discover two things: First, is there authentic evidence of a pattern in this group behavior? And second, what can we learn from this group behavior to help humans solve real world problems? Now lets look more closely at how this group behavior works. For example, how does a flock of birds fly so close together in a perfect V or S arrangement? How does a school of hundreds of fish change direction instantly, all together when they see a shark? How does a swarm of ants make a perfectly straight line moving toward food thats far away? Well, the answer is called flock behavior or swarm intelligence. Those terms just mean that all the birds, fish, and ants, when they are in a large group, follow the same reliable pattern of behavior. And this pattern includes just three simple rules: First, they should all move in the same direction as their neighbors. Second, they should remain close to their neighbors. And third, they shouldnt crash into any of their neighbors. Sounds simple, right? But whats really interesting is that the flocks and swarms that move so perfectly together have no leader directing them. In other words, each member of the flock or swarm acts and moves individually following the three rules. This is an example of what scientists call self-governing behavior. Now, last, to understand how flock behavior or swarm intelligence relates to our lives, we should consider some examples. Id like to mention just three. First, air traffic controllers create profiles of different flight patterns of bird flocks. And they use these to figure out the safest flight patterns for airplanes to avoid accidents. Second, factory managers are copying the ways ants work together to make their production lines quicker. And third, city planners use information about schools of fish to make large public spaces like football stadiums and subway stations more user-friendly. OK, I will stop now so you can ask questionsyes, Dani. Track 33 1 ADjective 2 aNOther 3 arRANGEment 4 auTHENtic 5 comPUter 6 conNECted 7 DOCument 8 exAmine Skillful Level 1 Digibook. This page is photocopiable, but all copies must be complete pages. Copyright © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012. 7 Skillful Listening&Speaking Audioscript Level 1 9 eXAMple 10 HANDwriting 11 inCLUding 12 introDUCE 13 PERfectly 14 SCIentist Track 34 1 toGETHer 2 beHAVior 3 PERfectly 4 FACtory 5 FOLLowing 6 diRECtion 7 proDUCtion 8 disCOVer 9 MANager 10 STAdium 11 eFFIcient 12 EVidence CD2 Track 01 Its fun to be scared Michelle: Hello and welcome to the Travel show. Im your host, Michelle Corliss, and our topic today is roller coasters! My first guest is Mr. Nicolas Jones. Mr. Jones, I understand you have an unusual hobby? Nicolas: Yes. Michelle: Why dont you tell us about it? Nicolas: Well, I love to ride on roller coasters. I travel all over the world visiting amusement parks and riding their roller coasters. Michelle: How many roller coasters have you been on? Nicolas: Almost 500. Ive been to 22 countries, plus 42 states in the U.S. Michelle: Wow! Thats a lot! And where was your last trip? Nicolas: Well, last year I went to the Ferrari World amusement park in Abu Dhabi. What a place! Theres a new roller coaster there called the Formula Rossa, and right now its the fastest roller coaster in the world. Riding on that thing oh, it was awesome, totally amazing. Michelle: How fast does it go? Nicolas: 240 kilometers per hour. Michelle: Two hundred forty kilometers an hour! Thats terrifying! Photocopiable Nicolas: Yeah, it was pretty scary. The year before I was in Japan. Theres a roller coaster there called the Steel Dragon 2000. Its the longest roller coaster in the world. Michelle: How long is it? Nicolas: 2,478 meters. Michelle: Very cool. Well, now let me bring in our second guest: Dr Randall Sparks. Dr. Sparks is not a regular doctor. He is a psychologist who does research on fear. Dr Sparks, it seems like there are some people who enjoy feeling afraid. What do you think about that? Dr. Sparks: Well, some people are what we call thrill seekers, in other words, people who seek out dangerous activities like skydiving and rock climbing. They enjoy taking risks and competing against others. Without excitement in their lives, these people feel bored. Michelle: What about people who love roller coasters, are they thrill seekers too? Dr. Sparks: Not always. Most people like to experience a little fear as long as they know it isnt real. Thats why so many people enjoy listening to scary stories, for example. Similarly, when youre on a roller coaster, you can enjoy traveling at crazy speeds because you know that, really, roller coasters are very safe. Theres no real risk. Michelle: OK, lets go back to Mr. Jones. Do you see yourself as a thrill seeker? Nicolas: Well maybe a little. I like fast cars, but I would never jump out of an airplane. Michelle: So what is it about roller coasters that you enjoy so much? Nicolas: Its like what Dr. Sparks said. When Im on a roller coaster, I feel I have no balance, and absolutely no control over anything thats happening. The speed, the twists and turns, the drops It feels like Im going to fall out, and yet I know that roller coasters are incredibly safe, so I just let myself enjoy the fear. Track 02 1 Were going to the amusement park tomorrow! 2 Were not going to the amusement park tomorrow. 3 Are you sure the roller coaster is safe? 4 You jumped out of an airplane?! 5 Do you enjoy fast cars? 6 You look really funny in that hat! 7 Fouad is an hour late. I hope hes OK. 8 Will this journey ever end? Its so slow. 9 You can fly an airplane? Really? I didnt know! Track 03 1 Wow! Thats a lot! 2 What a place! Theres a new roller coaster there called the Formula Rossa, and right now its the fastest roller coaster in the world. 3 Two hundred forty kilometers an hour! Thats terrifying! 4 Well maybe a little. I like fast cars, but I would never jump out of an airplane. 5 So what is it about roller coasters that you enjoy so much? Track 04 The race to be the slowest Scott: Bicycle racing is one of the fastest and most dangerous sports in the world especially when groups of cyclists compete on narrow mountain roads or busy city streets. If that sounds risky to you, then welcome to the unusual sport of slow bicycle racing. Im Scott Perlo and Im in Palm City, Florida, at the Third Annual Slow Bicycle Race. The winner of the slow bike race is not the person who finishes first, but the person who finishes last. The race takes place on a straight course thats 20 meters long and only 75 centimeters wide. The rules are simple: First, riders cant just balance in one place. The bike has to move forward at all times. Second, the bike has to stay inside the lines of the course. Third, no part of the riders body can touch the ground. Last, the winner is the person who takes the longest time to finish the course. Slow bike racing is totally different from the more famous sport of speed cycling. Speed cycling is an OlympicTM sport that requires athletes to train for many hours each week. Riders wear special clothes, and they ride specially designed, super-light bicycles over long distances, across the countryside, up and down hills, at speeds up to 160 kilometers an hour. Skillful Level 1 Digibook. This page is photocopiable, but all copies must be complete pages. Copyright © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012. 8 Skillful Listening&Speaking Level 1 On the other hand, slow bike racing is definitely not an OlympicTM sport! Riders require no special training. Unlike speed racers, slow bikers are not thrill seekers. They wear regular clothes, ride regular street bikes, and never go more than 24 or 25 kilometers an hour. And, since the course is only 20 meters long, it can be set up anywhere. The Jacksonville course, for example, is on a basketball court in a city park. Slow bike racing is part of the Slow Bicycle movement. The Slow Bicycle movement started in Copenhagen and is now all over the world. Members believe in using bikes as a normal form of transport for going to work or the shops. The philosophy of the movement is Enjoy the ride. Here in Jacksonville, I spoke with the winner of last years Slow Bicycle race, Martin Erickson, age 17. He says that slow bike racing isnt as easy as it looks. Martin: It takes balance, control, and a lot of focus to stay inside the lines and not fall. Scott: Martin finished the race in a slow time of one minute and fifty five seconds. Remember, the course is only 20 meters long. Did he have to practice a lot to get this slow time? Martin: No, I was just walking by and it looked like fun, so I joined the race. Scott: This year, Martin hopes to improve his time and finish the race in two minutes, or, even better, two and a half. Im Scott Perlo for Florida State Radio. Track 05 Scott: Slow bike racing is totally different from the more famous sport of speed cycling. Speed cycling is an OlympicTM sport that requires athletes to train for many hours each week. Riders wear special clothes, and they ride specially designed, super-light bicycles over long distances, across the countryside, up and down hills, at speeds up to 160 kilometers an hour. On the other hand, slow bike racing is definitely not an Olympic sport! Riders require no special training. Unlike speed racers, slow bikers are not thrill seekers. They wear regular clothes, ride regular street bikes, and never go more than 24 or 25 kilometers an hour. And, since the course is only 20 meters long, it can be set up anywhere. The Jacksonville course, for example, is on a basketball court in a city park. Photocopiable Track 06 1 Ferraris are fast sports cars, and Maseratis are, too. 2 France has a high-speed train system, and so does China. 3 Tennis is a fast game, but golf is very slow. 4 Turtles are different from tortoises. Tortoises live only on land. In contrast, turtles also live in water. 5 Andrea is like her sister because they both talk very fast. 6 Cheetahs, jaguars, and panthers are similar. They are fast, large cats. 7 Jogging and running are different in speed. Jogging is slower. Track 07 1 Traveling and visiting 2 Why dont you stay? 3 What do you need? 4 Shes one of the best. 5 Just listen. Dont talk. 6 Mary has to go. Track 08 1 Why dont you tell us about it? 2 What do you think about that? 3 I just let myself enjoy the fear. 4 Bicycle racing is one of the best and most exciting sports in the world. 5 The bike has to move forward at all times. 6 It takes balance, control, and a lot of focus to stay inside the lines. Track 09 Our world, our senses Host: Hello everyone, and welcome to Our world, our senses. This week we focus on our sense of sight, and my guest is Dr. Henry Chung, an eye specialist at Eastern Hospital. Dr. Chung, lets start with the basics. What should we know about our eyes? Dr. Chung: Well, first of all, except for your brain, your eyes are the most complex organs you have. Each eye has more than two million parts! That means our eyes can focus on 50 things per secondeven though only 17% of our eye is exposed to the outside world. Host: Wow, thats pretty amazing. Dr. Chung: Yes it is, and the muscles that move our eyes are the most active muscles in the human body. They allow Audioscript us to blink, on average, 12 times every minute that were awakethats 10,000 blinks a day! Check it out for yourself when youre near a friend or someone in your family. You may also notice that women blink twice as much as men! Host: Really? Why is that? Dr. Chung: Researchers say its because women react to loud sounds around them by blinking a lot. Host: OK, I have a question whats the maximum distance a human can see? Dr. Chung: Good questionand there are two answers. First, when you look up above you into the night sky, you can see stars that are millions of kilometers away. Thats because they give off so much light. Host: So how about when I look straight ahead on flat land? Dr. Chung: Ah, thats answer number two. If youre average adult height, on a clear day you can see straight ahead up to 4.6 kilometers. Host: But there are animals that have even better vision than humans, right? Dr. Chung: Yes, you know the expression eagle-eyed? It means having excellent eyesight. Thats because some birds, such as eagles and hawks, can see up to eight times more clearly than the sharpest human eye. An eagle, for example, can see a small rabbit 1.5 kilometers away. Host: One and a half kilometers!? Incredible! And what about seeing at night? Is it true owls and cats have amazing night vision? Dr. Chung: Well, yes. In fact, an owl can see a mouse about 100 meters away, even when its dark! Owls can also move their head around 270 degreesalmost a complete circle! Host: Wow! OK, one more question. We all know the expression blind as a bat. Are bats really blind? Dr. Chung: Well, no, actually, thats not true. In fact, bats can see pretty well. But at night, many bats use only sound to find their way. In other words, they see with their ears! Host: Fascinating. Well, Im afraid thats all the time we have. Thank you very much for joining us today, Dr. Chung. Dr. Chung: My pleasure. Host: Everyone, please tune in next week when we focus on the sense of taste. Skillful Level 1 Digibook. This page is photocopiable, but all copies must be complete pages. Copyright © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012. 9 Skillful Listening&Speaking Audioscript Level 1 Well learn how it can give us some of our most wonderful experiences, enjoying the many complex flavors and textures of food. See you next week. Track 10 1 30 2 14 3 115 4 660 5 7,770 6 18,880 7 190,990 8 2,215,000 Track 11 1 People read 1.5 times slower from a computer screen. 2 My eyeglasses are not so expensive. They cost $260. 3 This survey shows that 35% of teenagers wear glasses. 4 Honey bees have 5,500 lenses in each eye. 5 Falcons can see 2.6 times better than humans. 6 We can see the moon, which is 384,403 km away Track 12 Dans le Noir Reviewer: A good meal is an experience that includes many senses: taste, smell, and touch, of course but also sight. We enjoy looking at the colors, shapes, and design of the food on the plate. However, at one London restaurant, the diners must enjoy their meal without their sense of sight because the dining room is completely, totally dark. Sound like an interesting idea? Well, the restaurant is Dans le Noir, which means in the dark in French. And according to its website, eating in total darkness, without sight, allows our other senses to become fully awake. But thats not all. The French owners of Dans Le Noir say that their goal is to give people a new exciting food experience, and to raise peoples awareness about blindness. And speaking of the food experience, what about the menu? Well, thats unique too because most diners choose from one of the kitchens four surprise menus. Theres the Chefs Surprise menu, a fish and seafood menu, a meat Photocopiable eaters menu, and a vegetarian one. Each menu is designed with its own surprise mix of flavors and textures, and even different temperatures of the plates. And do the diners enjoy the surprise of not knowing what theyre going to eat? Well, according to the owners, they do. The meal becomes an exciting guessing game, and the diners have fun trying to figure out what theyre eating! But can the waiters figure out how to serve the right meals to the right customers in total darkness? Ah in Dans le Noir the waiters are called guides, and they are all blind. As the restaurants website says, blind people are used to the darkness themselves, and they are carefully trained to make sure they serve the right meal to the right person, and to help the customers feel comfortable for the 90 minutes or so that they are also blind. So, what do the customers say about the experience of eating at Dans le Noir? Customer: When you arrive you have to put anything that is a source of light, like a lighter, cell phone, watch, or camera, into a locker. That means the dining room really is completely black you cant even see your hands! But you soon get used to it, and its definitely a unique experience. Its also kind of fun talking to people you cant see. All in all, its definitely not your average dining experience, its unique. It makes you think about the complex role of sight in our life. Oh, and the food really is delicious! Reviewer: So, if you feel adventurous and want a new, different dining experience, try Dans le Noir. For more information, go to Track 13 1 The French owners of Dans Le Noir say that their goal is to give people a new exciting food experience, and to raise peoples awareness about blindness. And speaking of the food experience, what about the menu? 2 Each menu is designed with its own surprise mix of flavors and textures, and even different temperatures of the plates. And do the diners enjoy the surprise of not knowing what theyre going to eat? 3 The meal becomes an exciting guessing game, and the diners have fun trying to figure out what theyre eating! But can the waiters figure out how to serve the right meals to the right customers in total darkness? 4 As the restaurants website says, blind people are used to the darkness themselves, and they are carefully trained to make sure they serve the right meal to the right person, and to help the customers feel comfortable for the 90 minutes or so that they are also blind. So, what do the customers say about the experience of eating at Dans le Noir? Track 14 1 A: OK, how many things can our eyes focus on at the same time? B: uh Could you please repeat the question? 2 A: OK, next question whats the maximum distance a human can see? B: Sorry, what does maximum mean? 3 A: Now question 3 how many degrees can an owl move its head around to see in all directions? a)240 degrees b) 270 degrees or C) 360 degrees B: uh. Sorry, could I have that once more please? 4 A: Last question: Is it actually a fact that bats use sound instead of sight at night. B: Excuse me, but that was too fast for me to understand. Track 15 1 What What should we know about our eyes? 2 That You may notice that women blink more than men. 3 React Women react when they hear loud sounds. 4 Best The best night vision belongs to cats and owls. 5 Fact In fact bats can see. Skillful Level 1 Digibook. This page is photocopiable, but all copies must be complete pages. Copyright © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012. 10 Skillful Listening&Speaking Audioscript Level 1 Track 16 1 Eating in total darkness, without sight, allows our other senses to become awake. 2 But thats not all. 3 Most diners choose from one of the kitchens four surprise menus. 4 The diners have fun trying to figure out what theyre eating! 5 How do waiters know how to serve the right meals? 6 If you feel adventurous and want a new, different dining experience, try Dans le Noir. Track 17 Ultimate memory Host: Hello everyone and welcome to our weekly broadcast Ultimate memory. Today we have psychologist Oliver Alvi, whos written a book called Secrets of ultimate memory. Welcome Dr. Alvi. Dr. Alvi: Thank you. Host: Dr. Alvi, you know, many of us cant remember peoples names, or even our own phone number, not to mention what we had for breakfast this morning! But according to your book, a few individuals have what you call ultimate memory. So I suppose what everyone wants to know is, how do they do it? Dr. Alvi: Well, first of all, its true that most of us forget a lot more than we remember. That means we fall into that very large group of people called normal! And actually, we can survive perfectly well like that. But some people do have an amazing ability to recall a lot of information exactly. Now, psychologists usually classify them into two types or categories. One type has what I call event memory. They just naturally remember dates, events, and the smallest details of their life. Host: Can you give us any examples? Dr. Alvi: OK, there are two well-known cases: first, Brad Williams, whos sometimes called the Human GoogleTM. He can tell you all of the main news events that happened on any given day in the last 40 years with perfect accuracy. Then theres the woman Jill Price, called the Human Calendar. Give her any random date from her life and shes able to recall the day of the week, what she did that day, and what the weather was like. Again, with perfect accuracy. Photocopiable Host: Wow, that is truly amazing. OK, so the first type is ultimate or extreme event memory. What about the other type of ultimate memory? Dr. Alvi: I call that super memorization, because those people use training techniques to help them remember a huge amount of information very quickly. One example is Tatiana Cooley, American champion of the Mental Olympics. She can memorize a 40 line poem perfectly in 10 minutes. Another super memorizer is Wang Feng from China, winner of the World Memory Championship. Hes able to memorize the exact order of 52 playing cards in 24 seconds. Host: 52 cards in 24 seconds? Fascinating! Ok, so the key question here is can normal people become super memorizers? Dr. Alvi: Well, the short answer is yes. And the way to do that is by using a method to help you remember something difficult. We can divide them into different kinds, like using an image, or a story, or a sentence. For example, we can memorize the order of the planets from the sun with the sentence, My very energetic mother just served us noodles. The first letter of each word is the same as the first letter of the planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune). Thats the way it works, and thats the kind of tool that the memory champions use to help them. Host: Very useful for all you students out there! Well, I think that is all the time we have, so I want to thank you for joining us today, Dr. Alvi. Dr. Alvi: My pleasure. Track 18 1 That means we fall into that very large group of people called normal! 2 Now, psychologists usually classify them into two types or categories. 3 We can divide them into different kinds, like using an image, or a story, or a sentence. Track 19 1 At this university the course subjects fall into four categories: physical sciences, social sciences, humanities, and technology. 2 The food we eat is usually put into four groups: dairy products, fruits and vegetables, grains, and meat. 3 Psychologists often categorize people into two types: A personality and B personality. 4 My teacher often says that students fit into two groups: hardworking or lazy. 5 We usually divide sports into two broad groups or classes: individual sports and team sports. 6 Libraries use many different systems to classify books into several categories. Track 20 Extreme environments Professor: Good morning everyone. Lets begin our discussion of extreme life by considering different types of environment on Earth. If you recall, I asked you to do an Internet search of extreme environments, so lets see what you found out. Jason, can you start? Jason: Uh OK, well, deserts like the Sahara, and Death Valley in the U.S. are pretty extreme. They can get up to 55 degrees Celsius. And the Atacama Desert in Chile is pretty much the ultimate example of a super dry desert. It gets only one millimeter of rain per year. Prof: OK thats a good start. Can anyone add more? Yes, Mari. Mari: How about Mt. Everest in Nepal, which is 8,848meters above sea level, which means there is very little oxygen in the air. And Antarctica, at the South Pole, is also an extreme environment. It can get down to minus 88 degrees Celsius. Prof: OK good. Other ideas? David? David: Theres the Great Salt Lake in the U.S., the Dead Sea, and also Lake Assal in Djibouti. Theyre around 35% salt, which is ten times more than the ocean. Prof: Good. Yes, Aisha, another idea? Aisha: Yes, speaking of oceans, how about where its extremely deep. For example, the Marianas Trench in the Pacific Ocean is around 11 kilometers deep, so almost no sunlight gets there. Prof: Good point. So, now the key question is what makes an environment extreme? And to answer that, lets try to classify your random examples into different categories of extreme environment. What categories of extreme environment are there? Yes, Jason can you explain? Skillful Level 1 Digibook. This page is photocopiable, but all copies must be complete pages. Copyright © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012. 11 Skillful Listening&Speaking Level 1 Jason: Well, I think on earth we can put them into five categories: lets see there are hot places, high places, cold places, salty places and. Prof: OK thats a good start. Can anyone help? Aisha? Aisha: Uh I think the last one would be deep places. Prof: Good. So that makes five types of extreme environment. Can we add a little information for more accuracy? Aisha. Aisha: Hmm, how about hot and dry, high with low oxygen, cold, salty, and finally deep with no light. Prof: OK thats more exact. Now lets consider environments on earth that are even more extreme. For example, on the edge of a volcano its 1,100 degrees. Or inside solid rock seven kilometers underground. Or in the middle of a thick frozen ice lake. Can we find life there? What do you think? David: No, I think those environments are too extreme for life. Prof: Well, amazingly, there are small organisms called extremophiles that can survive in these very extreme environments. You know the suffix phile, p-h-i-l-e means love of something, so these tiny organisms love extreme environments. In fact, they can survive in places that would kill other creatures. Let me give you what is perhaps the ultimate example: Tardigrades. Dont worry, you dont have to memorize that word. The name means slow walker and theyre often called water bears, because they look a little like bears when they move. Theyre tiny, only 1.5 millimeters long, but they are very special. They can survive in cold temperatures of minus 273 degrees celsius and hot temperatures of 151 degrees. And they can live without water for almost 10 years. Pretty amazing! OK, for homework, please do an Internet search for more types and examples of extremophiles. See you next week. Track 21 1 Brad can remember what happened 20 years ago. 2 Jill cant remember what time her class begins. 3 Many extremophiles cant live in a normal environment. Photocopiable 4 Sarah can memorize a long poem in ten minutes. 5 Can humans live in very extreme environments? 6 Cant fish live in the Dead Sea? Track 22 1 A: OK the first question is, what are five types of extreme environment? B: what are the five types of extreme environment? hot and dry, cold, salty, deep and dark, and high with low oxygen. 2 A: Can you tell me the names of all your classmates? B: Give me a second, ah OK, James, Martha, Su-Jeong, Theresa 3 A: Heres question number 3 what is a mnemonic tool? B: . Pardon? A: What is a mnemonic tool? B: Hmm its a sentence or an image to help you remember something. 4 A: Can you tell me how hot the Sahara Desert can get? B: Uh . Let me think . . 55 degrees Celsius, right? 5 A: OK, according to Dr. Alvi, what are the two types of extreme memory? B: What are two types of extreme memory?... Event memory and super memorization. 6 A: Last question What homework assignment did the professor give at the end of the discussion? B: Sorry? A: What homework assignment did the professor give? B: I dont remember. Track 23 A life lesson Host: Welcome to our continuing series of stories on life lessons. Our story this week comes from listener Chung Ae Hak in Madison, Wisconsin. Chung Ae Hak: This is a story about a bad mistake I made when I was in high school, and what I did ten years later to try to correct it. Audioscript I was born in this country, but my parents were immigrants from Korea. They had foreign accents, they werent well educated, and they worked at typical low-income jobs, like cleaning and painting houses. We had food but there was always a shortage of money. I remember a few times we got some boxes of used clothes from our neighbors. Secretly, I was ashamed of my familys poverty. I had principles and I hated receiving charity. I just wanted to be like everyone else, but I didnt know how. One day, when I was in ninth grade, my chemistry class was preparing for a big exam. At one point I got up to wash my hands, but there werent any paper towels. So I went to get some and, in the closet on the middle shelf, I saw some papers with the word exam on them. Without thinking I took one of the test papers and put it inside my sweater. Later, during lunch, I sat down with one of the popular girls and I offered to show her the test. I really wanted her to like me. But instead of thanking me, she gave me a look of anger that I will never forget. The next day the teacher asked to speak to me privately. She said this girl, her name was Sally, told her that I had a copy of the exam. Is that true? the teacher wanted to know. Of course not! I answered. Sallys just jealous because Im a better student than she is! And the teacher believed me, because I was a nice quiet girl who never caused any trouble. Well, I graduated from high school, I went to college, and eventually I got a job. But I never stopped feeling bad that I stole that test and I lied to my teacher. Finally, two years ago, I decided to try to fix my mistake. I wrote two letters: one to my teacher and one to Sally. I apologized to both of them and asked them to forgive me. Nowadays I work as a volunteer tutor for kids who are having trouble in school, and I often tell this story because I want them to know that its never too late to try to fix a mistake. I was very fortunate to learn that life lesson. Skillful Level 1 Digibook. This page is photocopiable, but all copies must be complete pages. Copyright © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012. 12 Skillful Listening&Speaking Audioscript Level 1 Track 24 Heifer International Teacher: Good morning class. Were fortunate today to have as our guest speaker Mr. Simon Bushnell. Simon is a volunteer with a charity called Heifer International, and hes here to tell us about the work of the organization. Simon? Simon: OK, hi everybody. To start, let me ask you a question: Do you think a goat can change someones life? How about a chicken? Or a rabbit? Student 1: Yeah. Student 2: Sure. Student 3: Why not? Simon: The answer, of course, is yes. My organization, Heifer International, works nowadays by donating female animals to poor families in more than 50 countries. The animals provide benefits such as milk, eggs, wool, and, eventually, baby animals, which the family can sell to help lift itself out of poverty. Heifer International was started in 1944 by an American farmer named Dan West. At the time he worked for a charity in Spain. It was wartime and there was a shortage of food. One day, West was giving out milk to some children when he had an amazing idea: What if, instead of giving the children a cup of milk, he could give them a cow? Then they could feed themselves and sell the extra milk to give their family an income. Sometime later, Dan West came back to America and raised money to send 17 heifers to Puerto Rico. Do you know what a heifer is? Class: No, ummm Simon: A heifer is a young female cow. And thats how Heifer International started. These days, every family that receives an animal has to agree to follow the basic principles of the Heifer organization, which include the so-called Pass On the Gift principle. This principle says that the family will give the first-born female baby of their animal to another poor family. In this way, the gift of one animal can help an entire village. To give you an example, let me tell you about Peng Yun Jao, a 62-year-old farmer from a poor village in China. Photocopiable In 2008, Peng and his wife received a female goat from Heifer International. The goat gave milk to the hungry family and, later, baby goats. Today, Pengs family has 12 goats, and the old couple has enough money to support themselves in their old age and send their grandchildren to school. Heres another example: In western Honduras, in an area where the soil is very poor, theres a village called Colama. In the past, the men often had to leave the village to find work. About five years ago Heifer International donated five cows to the village. The animals provided healthy food and a way for families to earn money so they can send their children to school. Best of all, now the men dont have to leave the village to make a living, so families can stay together. All right, now that Ive given you a broad outline of how Heifer International works to improve peoples lives, lets look at a film about some of the families Heifer has helped. Track 25 Chung Ae Hak: I saw some papers with the words final exam on them. Without thinking I lifted one of the test papers and put it inside my sweater. Adult female: What happened next? Chung Ae Hak: I just went back to my seat and waited for the bell to ring. Later, during lunch, I sat down with one of the popular girls Adult female: Excuse me, what was her name? Chung Ae Hak: Uh, Sally. Adult female: Then what happened? Chung Ae Hak: I offered to show her the test. I really wanted her to like me. But instead of thanking me, she gave me a look of anger that I will never forget. Adult female: How did you feel when she did that? Chung Ae Hak: Horrible. I wanted to disappear. Adult female: What happened after that? Chung Ae Hak: I got up and went over to the corner and sat down by myself. Track 26 1 Blinked 2 Competed 3 Risked 4 Avoided 5 Studied 6 Influenced 7 Remembered 8 Called 9 Happened 10 Amazed 11 Interested 12 Passed Track 27 1 My parents worked at typical lowincome jobs. 2 I just wanted to be like everyone else. 3 I offered to show her the test. 4 The teacher asked to speak to me privately. 5 I decided to try to fix my mistake. 6 I apologized to both of them and asked them to forgive me. Track 28 Love your job Moderator: Good morning everyone and welcome to the Career Fair. I know youre all job hunting now, so Id like to offer some very old advice: Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life. The Chinese philosopher Confucius said that 2,500 years ago, and its still true today. If you do a job you enjoy, it doesnt feel like work. Now, Id like to introduce our first guest Adrianne Park, who is a meteorologist. Adrianne, could you tell us what exactly a meteorologist does? Adrianne: Good morning. Well, as a meteorologist, I do much more than give the weather report on TV! We study the weather. Or more exactly, we study the causes of weather and I predict or forecast the weather using charts, maps, and computer models. Meteorologists can work in several different places, for example, some work for the government weather service and some are in the airline industry. As well, we can work as consultants for a wide range of businesses. Moderator: So, what do you enjoy about your work? Adrianne: Mmm, a number of things. First of all, I think the weather is incredibly interesting, especially unusual weather events like thunderstorms and typhoons. I also love the challenge of predicting the weather accurately. And above all, I feel Im doing something Skillful Level 1 Digibook. This page is photocopiable, but all copies must be complete pages. Copyright © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012. 13 Skillful Listening&Speaking Level 1 useful because weather forecasts help everyone in several different ways, for example, a farmer will be able to protect his crops, and a mother will be able to put an umbrella in her childs school bag. Moderator: Thats for sure. Thank you very much, Adrianne. Now, lets welcome our second guest Richard Lewis. Ill let him tell you what he does. Richard? Richard: Hello everyone. Well, Adriannes work focuses on the sky, and my work is under the sea. Im a SCUBA diving instructor, and Im working now at a dive center at the Red Sea in Egypt. Moderator: So, Richard can you tell us what you actually do in a working day? Richard: As a diving instructor of course I spend a lot of time underwater with my students, but thats not all I do. I also plan dive trips, prepare the equipment, and teach about the underwater environment. Most importantly, I demonstrate all the skills my students will definitely need to be safe when theyre diving, so that they dont get into dangerous or frightening situations. In fact, my job can be hard work with long days. And on top of that, it can be stressful as Im responsible for the divers safety in the water. Moderator: So, can you tell us what is enjoyable about your work? Richard: Sure. Students often say to me, Wow, you have the best job in the world, and I agree. Im able to meet people from all over the world and I love sharing my passion for marine life. Most of all, its great helping students develop their knowledge of the sea, improve their skills, and gain selfconfidence. Moderator: Thank you, Richard. Ok everyone, now that youve heard from two people who have interesting jobs they love, you are welcome to ask questions Track 29 1 I also love the challenge of predicting the weather accurately. And above all, I feel Im doing something useful because weather forecasts help everyone in several different ways. 2 In fact, my job can be hard work with long days. And on top of that, it can be stressful as Im responsible for the divers safety in the water. Photocopiable 3 Meteorologists can work in several different places, for example, some work for the government weather service and some are in the airline industry. As well, we can work as consultants for a wide range of businesses. 4 I also plan dive trips, prepare the equipment, and teach about the underwater environment. Most importantly, I demonstrate all the skills my students will definitely need to be safe when theyre diving. 5 Im able to meet people from all over the world and I love sharing my passion for marine life. Most of all, its great helping students develop their knowledge of the sea, improve their skills, and gain self-confidence. Track 30 1 As a university professor, I teach classes three days a week, but thats not all I do. I also prepare lectures, correct students homework, and attend meetings. 2 In my job I write sales reports, order supplies, and most importantly, visit my customers. 3 I am so busy this week. I have two exams, three reports to write, a meeting with my English professor, and on top of that, I have to work every night at the restaurant. 4 What do I love about my job? Let me see my work is really interesting, I have weekends free, my office is near my home, and above all, my colleagues are very friendly. Track 31 Job skills for the future Moderator: Good afternoon everyone. I hope you found Adrianne and Richard inspiring. In this next session were going to focus on the job market of the future. Were lucky to have as our guest speaker Dr. Audrey Chen who is a consultant for the Future Forward Foundation. Please welcome Dr. Chen. Dr. Chen: Thank you. Id like to talk to you today about my passion: work in the coming years. Now, one important thing to remember is that the idea of one job for life is going to disappear. In fact, its already becoming history. This is true in several countries, like Japan, where a few years ago, most workers expected to have one job their whole working life. Audioscript Young people like you will most likely have eight to ten jobs in your adult life. Thats right, youll probably change your job every four to five years. One reason for this is that many jobs will become out of date or unnecessary, because of technology. I know that sounds a little frightening and stressful, but the good news is that many new jobs will be created. Heres an interesting fact for you: 65% of children born today will have jobs that dont exist yet. So, what does all this mean for you? It means youll definitely need new skills to help you survive in the job market of the future. So, heres my forecast for five job skills that will help you be successful in the next twenty years. First, youll need what I call sensemaking. This is the ability to figure out the deeper meaning, or importance, of information. Our computers will be able to give us more and more information, but we will have to be able to use this data to make good, effective decisions. Next, youre going to need social intelligence. As our world becomes more and more globalized, you will have to work with large groups of people in different settingsboth physical settings, for example in offices, and virtual settings, such as email. That will involve the ability to work well with people, and to adapt or change your behavior according to the setting. Third, successful workers will definitely need very strong cross-cultural skills. Workers will move around much more and they will need to feel comfortable and confident wherever they are, in Saudi Arabia, the United States, Japan. You will have to see beyond peoples cultural differences, working styles, and ways of thinking. Fourth, most workers within the next ten to twenty years will need to have new-media literacy. In other words, they must have the ability and confidence to use new media like wikis, blogs, and podcasts, to create and present their own audio and visual information. Paper will possibly be a thing of the past within the next 15-20 years. Finally, successful future workers will have to be multi-specialists, so that they can work in several different jobs. People will need a deep understanding Skillful Level 1 Digibook. This page is photocopiable, but all copies must be complete pages. Copyright © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012. 14 Skillful Listening&Speaking Level 1 in one field, but have a good general knowledge of a wider range of work fields. This will force people to go on learning far beyond the years of formal education. Workers in the future will have to be life-long learners. So, there you have five important work skills for the future. Just remember, when it comes to preparing for your career, the future starts now. Thank you. Track 32 1 Were lucky to have as our guest speaker Dr. Audrey Chen who is a consultant for the Future Forward Foundation. Please welcome Dr. Chen. 2 Heres my forecast of five job skills that will help you be successful in the next twenty years. 3 So, there you have five important work skills for the future. Track 33 So, heres my forecast of five job skills that will help you be successful in the next twenty years. First, youll need what I call sensemaking. This is the ability to figure out the deeper meaning, or importance, of information. Our computers will be able to give us more and more information, but we will have to be able to use this data to make good, effective decisions. Next, youre going to need social intelligence. As our world becomes more and more globalized, you will have to work with large groups of people in different settingsboth physical settings, for example in offices, and virtual settings, such as email. That will involve the ability to work well with people, and to adapt or change your behavior according to the setting. Third, successful workers will definitely need very strong cross-cultural skills. Workers will move around much more and they will need to feel comfortable and confident wherever they are, in Saudi Arabia, the United States, Japan. You will have to see beyond peoples cultural differences, working styles, and ways of thinking. Photocopiable Audioscript Fourth, most workers within the next ten to twenty years will need to have new-media literacy. In other words, they must have the ability and confidence to use new media like wikis, blogs, and podcasts, to create and present their own audio and visual information. Paper will possibly be a thing of the past within the next 15-20 years. Finally, successful future workers will have to be multi-specialists, so that they can work in several different jobs. People will need a deep understanding in one field, but have a good general knowledge of a wider range of work fields. This will force people to go on learning far beyond the years of formal education. Workers in the future will have to be life-long learners. So, there you have five important work skills for the future. Just remember, when it comes to preparing for your career, the future starts now. Thank you. Track 34 Osman: Good afternoon, Im Osman from Future Perfect Job Finders, and today I want to talk to you about interesting jobs for you. First, Im going to mention the type of jobs we have available, then Ill cover some details about the job and the type of people were looking for. Track 35 1 As well, we can work as consultants for a wide range of businesses. 2 In fact, my job can be hard work with long days. 3 In this next session were going to focus on the job market of the future. 4 Id like to talk to you today about my passion. 5 I know that sounds a little frightening and stressful, but the good news is that many new jobs will be created. 6 First, youll need what I call sensemaking. Skillful Level 1 Digibook. This page is photocopiable, but all copies must be complete pages. Copyright © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012. 15 |