What happens when the government is divided?
Divided government occurs when the presidency and Congress are not controlled by the same political party. This lesson provides an overview of what divided government means and benefits and drawbacks of it. In this lesson, students will also explore historical examples of the president's party losing control of Congress and determine the most important factors for successful divided governments. This lesson can work in a traditional classroom or in a flipped
classroom with one-to-one devices. WARM-UP: Begin class by posing the following question: What are ways that checks and balances limit the power of the individual branches? INTRODUCTION: Review the answers of the warm-up with the class and discuss the role that political parties play in the lawmaking process. Either individually or as a class, view each of the following videos. Have the student take notes using the divided government note-taking chart. The chart will address the questions listed below.
Handout: Divided Government Note-Taking Chart (Google Doc) EXPLORATION: Review the students' responses on the first part of the chart and address any misconceptions about divided government. Using the second section of the handout, have the students view each example of presidents and members of Congress responding to elections that caused divided party governments. Students will describe the circumstances for each election and take notes on how the presidents and members of Congress responded. They should focus their notes around the question:
This part of the lesson can also be adapted to be used as a jigsaw activity where students are assigned one of the elections and become experts. They would then share their information with other students to complete the chart. Handout: Divided Government Note-Taking Chart (Google Doc) EXPLORATION VIDEOS:
APPLICATION: After completing the chart, have the students provided a written response to the following prompt. They should provide specific examples from the videos to support their response.
CONCLUSION: As an exit slip, answer the following question in a short paragraph.
EXTENSION ACTIVITIES: Research a Divided Government- Choose a time when the presidency and the Congress were controlled by different parties. Research the major legislation that was passed during that time. Evaluate if this specific example of divided government was successful. Create a Survey- Create a survey about people's feelings about divided government. Develop at least 5 questions that address the issue of divided party control of the Congress and presidency. Give your survey to other students and citizens. After giving your survey, summarize your findings in a written response. Additional Prompts:
Additional Resources
How government is divided?Legislative—Makes laws (Congress, comprised of the House of Representatives and Senate) Executive—Carries out laws (president, vice president, Cabinet, most federal agencies) Judicial—Evaluates laws (Supreme Court and other courts)
What does it mean for there to be a divided government quizlet?Divided government. A government in which one party controls the white house and another party controls one or both houses of congress. Unified government. A government in which the same party controls both the white house and both houses of Congress.
Who first divide government?James Madison made this recommendation in a letter to Thomas Jefferson of 24 October 1787, which summarized the thesis of The Federalist#10: "Divide et impera, the reprobated axiom of tyranny, is under certain (some) qualifications, the only policy, by which a republic can be administered on just principles." In ...
Is the US a divided or unified government?When the President's party holds the majority in both chambers, it is considered a unified government. Since 1857, the government has been unified 47 times, 22 under Democratic control and 25 under Republican control.
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