When should companies use direct distribution?

What is Direct Distribution?

Direct distribution is the sale and transfer of a product directly from us as a producer to our customer or the consumer. In this case, we have no intermediaries (or what we sometimes refer to as middlemen). For example, we're not going to use a wholesaler or a retailer to move our product to the customer. We're going to take care of all of that ourselves.

Another aspect of direct distribution is that it allows us as a producer to have more control over the price that the final consumer pays - as well as how the product is promoted. Think about if we put our product on the shelf in a retail outlet. Because the customer is going to interact with some person or representative of that outlet - that person may promote our product well or may say less positive things. That's out of our control. If we use intermediaries with direct distribution we don't have to worry about that.

The other aspect or another aspect of direct distribution is that sometimes without those retailers or wholesalers we can collect more of the margin on our products. In other words, we can make more money for each item that we produce by not using these intermediaries. 

One last aspect of direct distribution, which is maybe not so positive, is that by selling direct to consumers our product may be less available to those consumers. In other words, getting our product may be less convenient for the customer and that's not such a positive thing. 


What is Indirect Distribution? 


Indirect distribution is just the sale and transfer of product from producer to wholesaler and or retailer and then to the consumer. In other words, we're using what we call intermediaries between us as the producer and our final customer or the final consumer.  

Indirect distribution allows us as a producer to reach more customers because we don't have to have stores or ship directly to each individual customer who wants to buy our product. That can also help us to share the cost of our inventory. If we sell product to the retailer, it's sitting on that shelf ready for somebody to buy, but we've already collected money on it. So, the retailer then is bearing the cost of that inventory.
Another aspect of indirect distribution is that it may cut into our margin as a producer. Now this is obviously not a positive thing. But, if we want stores around the country to carry our product, they're going to have to make some money in the process. So in order for us to keep our price low, we may have to take less profit margin per unit or per item that we produce. In line with that is if we want to protect that margin or we want to keep our margin high, we may have to charge a higher price in order to use indirect distribution.

The key here though is that with those negatives there's also the positive of making the product available to the more available to the customer. So these are the pros and cons of indirect distribution.

Related Topics

  • What Does "Place" or "Placement" Mean?
  • What is a Distribution Channel?
  • What is Direct Distribution and Indirect Distribution
  • What is Multi-Channel Distribution?
  • What is a Channel System?
  • Vertical Market
  • Vertical Integration
  • Ideal Market Exposure
  • Intensive Distribution
  • Selective Distribution
  • Exclusive Distribution
  • Discrepancy of Assortment
  • Discrepancy of Quantity
  • Channel Conflict
  • Channel Stuffing

The question posed above depends on several factors, such as; 1) volume; 2) channels / regions; 3) current assets being deployed for distribution; and 4) current cash flow and ability to sustain future distribution costs.
Small, rapidly growing vendors are so busy merely collecting cash and meeting payrolls that direct distribution is not an option. It usually does not make financial sense for manufacturers with annual sales less than $3 million to invest in trucks, drivers, maintenance, insurance and the other trappings of self-distribution. Ryan Black, Chief Executive Officer of Samba, Inc., contracts with United Natural Foods and other distributors. “We outsource distribution and focus on our core competencies – producing high quality organic, fruit-based food and beverages and marketing the Sambazon brand.”
Logistics providers serving foodservice vendors deliver to multiple distribution points – restaurants, hotels, schools, and other channels. As these vendors grow and their accounts payable to logistics providers increases, there may be opportunities for substantial savings by “in-sourcing.”

Benefits of Direct Distribution

Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, one of the largest specialty coffee roasters, owns their own fleet of trucks to distribute their fresh coffee. Rick Peyser, Director of Public Relations, said, “We have always distributed directly and, as the company grows, we will probably maintain direct distribution.” Starbucks, conversely, uses 3rd party logistics providers to distribute its roasted coffee.
There are also intangible benefits of direct distribution. Data can be collected on the order patterns of your direct customers. How often – and on what days – do my customers order particular products? Is there an increase in order activity for specific SKUs prior to a certain holiday? Why are my sales rising to restaurants but declining to specialty coffee shops? The answers to these questions usually are concealed when using a 3rd party logistics provider, but could be valuable information to your business planning.
For example, if you know your sales are declining to specialty coffee shops, then you can develop new, tailored products and fill the unmet needs of that particular channel. You may also conduct promotions or develop unique POP materials specifically for specialty coffee shops. Alternatively, if you detect an increase in order activity for a SKU at a given time, then increase production to avoid being out-of-stock and losing sales opportunities.
Controlling distribution may also increase your customer base, since many distributors have high minimum order quantities and refuse to deliver to small accounts.

Cost of Direct Distribution

This customer data and control over your distribution channels comes at a price, however. Arguably, a small manufacturer that delivers tiny quantities to multiple customers throughout a wide region will be less efficient than a large distributor with limited distribution points. Your customers may not be willing to pay for this inefficiency, preferring instead to purchase larger quantities if they receive substantial cost savings.
More importantly, management may spend significant resources on logistics. This could detract from a focus on the vendor’s core business. You may decide that paying for a 3rd party logistics service provider is well worth the incremental costs and management time. When it comes to shipping your goods – fuggetaboutit!
One means of obtaining the customer data you require for efficient production / marketing while avoiding the costs of direct distribution is to insist that the distributor provide you with detailed sales reports from their end-user customers.
Depending on your company’s stage of development, size and resources, direct distribution is a viable but often expensive option to enhance control over your customer base. For small vendors it is better, perhaps, to focus on what you do best.
–Peter M. Guyer
Peter M. Guyer is the Founder and President of ATHENA MARKETING INTERNATIONAL (athenaintl.com), an international marketing, consulting and business development firm serving food and beverage manufacturers. Tel. (206) 749-9255.

Why do some companies use direct distribution?

Using direct distribution, companies can eliminate the high markups and costs associated with hiring intermediaries to distribute their products. Companies that sell directly to their customers enjoy higher profit margins on their products.

Why do manufacturers prefer direct distribution?

To maintain control of the marketing mix. A producer that wish to have control of the marketing mix of his products will consider using a direct distribution channel. Also, the producer will enjoy better profits then when using intermediaries who will require to be offered the goods at a discounted rate.

What is a company that uses direct distribution?

Companies Using Direct Selling as a Primary Distribution Strategy. Amway broad range of consumer products (skin care and cosmetics, nutrition, home living, etc.) Dell computers. Gateway computers. Mary Kay beauty and personal care products.

What is an example of direct distribution?

Direct distribution channels are those that allow the manufacturer or service provider to deal directly with its end customer. For example, a company that manufactures clothes and sells them directly to its customers using an e-commerce platform would be utilizing a direct distribution channel.